直流发电机组发电机的设计

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直流发电机组发电机的设计

摘要：电机是一种进行机电能量转换或信号转换的电磁机械装置。发电机是把机械能转换为电能的装置。通过原动机先把各类一次性能源蕴藏的能量转换为机械能，然后通过发电机转换为电能，经输，配电网送往各工矿企业，城市，家庭等各种用电场合。
 直流发电机作为一种相对古老的电机，其运用场合逐渐变小。但在交流电机无法工作的地方，直流发电机还是有着较为开阔的使用前景。
 本课题研究的是直流发电机组发电机的设计。直流发电机是电机的主要类型之一，以其良好的启动性能和调速性能著称。本次设计主要通过对直流发电机的原理，结构及运行特性的阐述，以及电机的电磁计算，完成各类原理图，达到设计目的。
关键词：直流发电机组 直流发电机 电磁设计

Design Of The Generating Set Generator Of Direct Current

Abstract：The electrical machinery is that one kind carries on electromagnetic mechanical device that electromechanical energy was changed or the signal changed. The generator is the device changing the mechanical energy into the electric energy. Change the energy that all kinds of disposable energy contains into the mechanical energy first through the original motive, then change into the electric energy through the generator , through failing, the distribution network is sent to all industrial and mining enterprises, such various kinds of power consuming occasions as the city , the family ,etc..
 The direct current generator , as a kind of relatively old electrical machinery, it uses the occasion to be diminished gradually. But in place that electrical machinery can't work of exchanging, direct current generator it has to be comparatively open prospect of using.
 What this subject is studied is the design of the generating set generator of direct current. Direct current generator main type of electrical machinery one of, start performance and transfer with a good one its speed performance famous for. This design mainly passes the principle of the direct current generator , the exposition of structure and operation characteristic correctly, the electromagnetism of and the electrical machinery is calculated, finish all kinds of principle pictures , achieve the goal of designing.
 
Key word: Generating set of direct current   Direct current generator              Design electromagnetically

目     录

摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
第1章  概述
 1.1  直流发电机的发展概况---------------------------------------------------------------1
 1.2  直流发电机的结构---------------------------------------------------------------------1
 1.3  直流发电机的工作原理---------------------------------------------------------------3
 1.3.1  直流发电机的原理--------------------------------------------------------------3
 1.3.2  直流发电机的本质--------------------------------------------------------------3
 1.3.3  直流发电机的脉动-------------------------------------------------------------3
 1.4  直流发电机的工作特性--------------------------------------------------------------4
 1.4.1  并励直流发电机空载电压的建立-------------------------------------------4
 1.4.2  并励直流发电机自励的条件-------------------------------------------------5
 1.5  直流发电机的电枢反应--------------------------------------------------------------6
 1.5.1  交轴电枢磁势-------------------------------------------------------------------6
 1.5.2  直轴电枢磁势-------------------------------------------------------------------6
 1.5.3  直轴电枢反应-------------------------------------------------------------------7
 1.5.4  交轴电枢反应-------------------------------------------------------------------7
第2章  直流电枢绕组
 2.1  直流电枢绕组--------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.1.1  单叠绕组-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.1.2  单波绕组-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.2  直流电枢绕组的构成-----------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.3  直流电枢绕组的节距-----------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.3.1  第一节距-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.3.2  第二节距--------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.3.3  合成节距-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
 2.3.4  换向器节距----------------------------------------------------------------------9
第3章  主要尺寸的选择
 3.1  电枢外径的选择-------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.2  线负荷Ａ和气隙磁密的选择----------------------------------------------------10
 3.3  电枢计算长度的确定--------------------------------------------------------------11
第4章  磁路计算
 4.1  空气隙磁压降的计算-----------------------------------------------------------------12
 4.2  计算极弧系数的确定-------------------------------------------------------------13
 4.3  电枢或气隙的轴向计算长度-----------------------------------------------------14
 4.4  气隙系数----------------------------------------------------------------------------14
第5章  直流发电机的冷却
 5.1  空气冷却系统--------------------------------------------------------------------------15
 5.1.1  开路冷却或闭路冷却------------------------------------------------------------15
 5.1.2  径向，轴向和混合式通风系统------------------------------------------------15
 5.1.3  抽入式和鼓入式------------------------------------------------------------------15
 5.1.4  外冷与内冷------------------------------------------------------------------------15
第6章  直流机组发电机的程序设计
 6.1  尺寸的选择-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16
 6.2  槽数及绕组的基本参数--------------------------------------------------------------17
 6.3  槽形及电枢绕组-----------------------------------------------------------------------19
 6.4  电刷及换向器长度--------------------------------------------------------------------21
 6.5  主磁极及机座尺寸--------------------------------------------------------------------21
 6.6  磁路计算--------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
 6.7  空载特性及转速调整率--------------------------------------------------------------25
 6.8  并励绕组--------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
 6.9  损耗和效率-----------------------------------------------------------------------------27
参考文献--------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
设计感言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
附录1 绕组展开图
附录2 电枢冲片图
附录3 总装图

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