蒸煮过程温度程序控制

范文编号:CK052   范文字数:14602,页数:35

摘  要

 本文介绍了以51单片机为核心的蒸煮过程温度程序控制平台的设计。并介绍了其软、硬件设计的方法和给出了系统的硬件原理图、软件流程图。在该设计中采用热电偶测量炉内温度,其信号经多路开关CD4051送入放大器,经放大后由A/D电路转换成相应的数字量,再通过光电耦合器隔离,进入主机电路。由主机进行数据处理、判断分析，并对偏差按模糊PID规律运算后输出数字控制量。在小偏差时使用改进的PID算法，在大偏差时使用模糊控制算法数值信号经光电隔离，由D/A电路转换成模拟量，再通过V/I转换得到0～10mA的直流电流。该电流送入可控硅电压调整器（ZK-0），触发可控硅，对炉温进行调节，使其按预定的升、降曲线规律变化，最终实现对温度的控制。
 
关键词 51单片机；温度控制；模糊PID控制

Abstract

 This paper introduces the single-chip microcomputer 51 of the cooking process as the core platform for the design of temperature control. And describes its hardware and software design methods and gives the system schematic diagram of the hardware, software flow chart. In the design of the furnace temperature measurement using thermocouples, and its multi-channel signal into the amplifier switches CD4051, as amplified by the A / D circuitry to convert the volume of the corresponding figure, and then through the optocoupler isolation, into the host circuit . By the host for data processing, analysis to determine the deviation in accordance with the laws of fuzzy PID control operation after the output figures for the volume. Small deviations in the use of the improved PID algorithm, the use of large deviations in the fuzzy control algorithm for numerical signal photoelectric isolation,，by the D / A converted into analog circuit, and then through the V / I conversion to be 0 ~ 10mA DC current. The current into the thyristor voltage regulator (ZK-0), triggered thyristor, adjusted for the temperature to rise by a predetermined, lower curve changes in the law. Finally，I achieved the temperature control.
 
Keywords  51 single-chip microcomputer；temperature control；fuzzy PID control.

目录

摘  要 I
Abstract II
1 前言 1
2 系统总体概述 2
3 系统的硬件设计 2
3.1 单片机的选择 2
3.1.1 AT89C2051单片机 4
3.2 系统总结构 6
3.3 升温—恒温阶段 7
3.4 模拟量输入通道 8
3.4.1 运算放大器LM324 9
3.4.2 型A/D转换器ADC0809 10
3.5 由AT89C2051构成的主机-显示电路 12
3.6 输出通道逻辑电路 13
3.6.1 D/A转换器DAC0832 13
3.7 键盘输入电路 14
4 模糊PID控制器设计 15
4.1 经典PID控制 15
4.2 模糊控制算法 16
4.3 模糊控制原理 17
4.4 模糊控制算法设计 18
4.5 模糊PID控制 20
4.5.1 小偏差PID控制 20
4.5.2 大偏差模糊控制 21
5 软件结构和程序框图 21
5.1 监控程序 22
5.2 中断服务程序 25
6 参数调整 27
7 总结 27
致谢 29
参考文献 30

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