跟踪太阳随动系统设计

范文编号:DQ347   范文字数:16828,页数:36

摘  要
 人类正面临着石油和煤炭等矿物燃料枯竭的严重威胁，这些矿物燃料是一次性不可再生资源，储量有限，而且燃烧时产生大量的二氧化碳，造成地球气温升高，生态环境恶化。太阳能作为一种新型能源具有储量无限、普遍存在、利用清洁、使用经济等优点，但是太阳能又存在着低密度、间歇性、空间分布不断变化的缺点，这就使目前的一系列的太阳能设备，如太阳能热水器、太阳能电池等，对太阳能的利用率不高。
 太阳自动跟踪系统能根据当地的经纬度自动检测昼夜，并应用了太阳辐射与环境亮度的比较，使得该自动跟踪系统的准确性高、可靠性强，在晴天检测过程中能实时回存正确的时间和角度数据，消除因季节变化而产生的积累误差。在阴天时能通过比较自动转动到以前晴天时的位置。即使是在天气变化比较复杂的情况下，系统也能正常工作，提高太阳能的利用效率。    
 本文主要完成了太阳光线自动跟踪装置的光学成像机构设计，系统软、硬件设计，电路板的制作和调试，以及执行机构的设计等。本文首先介绍了系统的整体设计思想和要达到的性能指标，然后分章节具体介绍了各个部分设计的技术细节和在系统中要实现的功能。最后为了完善本系统，提出了一些改进意见。

关键词：太阳能，光敏元件，自动定位，单片机

Abstract
 Human being is seriously threatened by exhausting mineral fuel，such as oil and coal.    These mineral fuels are one-off and non-reprodueible sources and have limited reserves.When they are bumed, a great deal of carbon dioxide will release.The consequenees of it are            global temperature hoist and entirorunent deteriorating. As a kind of new type of nergy sourees，        solar energy has the advantages of unlimited reserves,existing everywhere,use clean  and economieal. But it also has disadvantages, such as low density,intermission,change of          space distributing and so on.These disadvantages induce that solar energy equipment,like      solar energy water heater and solar battery,has the low using percent of solar energy
 Solar automatic tracking system according to the local latitude and longitude of automatic detection day and night, and the application of solar radiation and brightness of the environment compared to the automatic tracking system makes the accuracy, reliability, in the course of sunny real-time detection to keep the correct time and angle data, due to seasonal changes and eliminate the accumulated error. On cloudy days when the automatic rotation through comparison to the previous sunny location. Even if the weather changes in the complicated circumstances, the system can also work to enhance the efficiency of the utilization of solar energy.
 The main works of the paper are optieal image part design，hardware and software of the
system，doing and debugging the cireuit board，implement part design and so on.At the beginning of the paper，the system whole design notion and the final capaeity target are put forward.Detail  technieal information of module design is narrated in each chapter.Aitheend of paper，somesuggestionsforsystemoPtimizationareProvided.
 
Keywords：solar energy，light sensor，makes a reservation automatically，One-chip computer

目  录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2设计目的 1
1.3本范文研究的主要内容 2
2 总体方案设计 3
2.1设计思想 3
2.2跟踪系统的结构框图 4
3 跟踪系统的检测 5
3.1光电检测电路 5
3.1.1光电检测电路的功能 5
3.1.2五象限法光电检测 5
3.1.3光电检测电路连接 7
3.2光电检测器件选取 10
4 控制执行部件的设计 11
4.1步进电机的应用及特点 11
4.2步进电机的分类及工作原理 12
4.3步进电机的选择 13
4.4 步进电机的驱动 15
4.5 单片机简介 16
4.5.1单片机的特点 16
4.5.2单片机的应用 17
4.5.3 AT89C51单片机的特性 17
4.5.4  控制系统的总体设计 19
5 控制系统的软件设计 20
5.1 开发软件介绍 20
5.2程序整体结构 22
5.3视日运动轨迹跟踪模块 23
5.4光电跟踪模块 27
5.5时钟模块设计 28
6 结论 29
7 总  结 30
致 谢 32
参考文献 33

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