单片机控制单闭环直流电动机的调速控制系统

范文编号:JD197     字数:18860,页数:62 

摘 要
直流电动机在冶金、矿山、化工、交通、机械、纺织、航空等领域中已经得到广泛的应用。随着科学的不断进步，直流电动机的应用更加广泛，尤其是在智能机器人中的应用。本设计就是针对直流电动机的起动和调速性能好，过载能力强等特点设计由单片机控制单闭环直流电动机的调速控制系统。
本设计利用AT89C51单片机设计了单片机最小系统构成直流电动机反馈控制系统的上位机，该上位机具有对外部脉冲信号计数和定时功能，能够将脉冲计数用软件转换成转速，同时在单片机最小系统中设计了4位键盘接口和液晶显示接口。利用AT89C2051设计了由单片机实现的直流电机控制电路，即直流电动机反馈控制系统的下位机，该下位机具有直流电机的反馈控制功能。上位机与下位机之间采用并行总线的方式进行连接，使控制变得十分方便。
本系统能够实现直流电动机的自动起动、自动停止、速度自动控制、方向自动控制等功能。设计中利用液晶显示将指定转数、实际转数、旋转方向、运行时间等参数显示出来。
本系统操作简单、造价低、安全可靠性高、控制灵活方便，具有较高的实用性和再开发性。

关键词：直流电动机；单片机；反馈控制；液晶显示器

Abstract
The direct current motor has already got the extensive application in realms, such as metallurgy, mineral mountain, chemical engineering, transportation, machine, spinning and aviation etc. Because science progresses unremittingly, the application of the direct current motor, in the intelligence robot particularly, is more extensive. A speed-adjusted system of DC conctrolled by MCU according the adventage of DC motor such as starting easily, good performance, and strong carrying over.
This design makes use of the place of honor machine that the AT89C51 a machine designed a system with minimum machine to constitute the direct current motive feedback control system, the place of honor's machine tool has outward a pulse signal to count and in fixed time function, can count pulse with the software conversion to become to turn soon, designs 4 keyboarders to connect and the LCD manifestation to connect in a system with minimum machine at the same time. Making use of the AT89C2051 designed from the direct current electrical engineering control electric circuit of a machine realization, namely the direct current motive feedback controls the system of next machine, that next machine tool contain the feedback control function of the direct current electrical engineering. Of the place of honor machine and next machine adopts abreast always the linear way to carry on the conjunction, making control to become very convenient.
This system can carry out the direct current motive of automatic start, auto stop, the speed controls automatically, the direction controls automatically etc. function. The designing to win to make use of the LCD manifestation will specify to turn the number, turn the number physically, revolve the direction, and circulate time etc. the parameter shows to come out.
 This system operation is simple and builds the price low, the safe and dependable is high, controlling vivid convenience, have the higher function with again development.

Key words：DC motor；single chip micro-computer；feedback control；lcd

 目 录
 
 第1章 绪 论 1
1.1单片机控制调速系统发展现状 1
1.2课题来源 1
1.3本文主要内容 2
 第2章 系统方案论证 3
2.1单片机的选择 3
2.2直流电动机驱动电路的选择 4
2.3传感器的选择 5
2.4键盘的选择 5
2.5液晶显示器的选择 6
2.6系统的总体方案 6
 第3章 系统硬件的具体设计与实现 7
3.1主控模块 7
3.2电机驱动模块 9
 3.2.1基本电路单元 9
 3.2.2硬件具体实现 9
3.3电机控制模块 10
 3.3.1基本电路单元 10
 3.3.2硬件具体实现 11
3.4显示模块 12
 3.4.1液晶显示模块结构与特点 12
 3.4.2液晶显示模块与单片机的连接 14
3.5键盘模块 15
3.6速度检测模块 16
3.7电源模块 18
3.8定时模块 19
 3.8.1DS12887特点和功能 19
 3.8.2DS12887引脚排列和功能 19
 3.8.3控制和状态寄存器 20
 3.8.4DS12887与单片机的接口 21
 第4章 系统软件设计 22
4.1系统软件设计的总体思想 22
4.2系统上位机软件设计 22
 4.2.1转速的测量 22
 4.2.2键盘的处理 22
 4.2.3通信的处理 23
 4.2.4显示的处理 23
4.3系统下位机软件设计 23
 第5章 系统软件流程图 24
5.1主机主程序流程图 24
5.2主机转速测量中断服务子程序流程图 25
5.3主机键盘处理中断服务子程序流程图 26
5.4下位机主程序流程图 27
5.5下位机检测中断服务子程序流程图 28
 第六章 结 论 29
 参考文献 30
 致 谢 31
 附 录Ⅰ 外文翻译 32
 附 录Ⅱ 原理图 41
 附 录Ⅲ 程序清单 45

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