镍镉电池智能充电器的设计

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摘  要

镍镉电池属碱性电池的一种，它体积小、容量大、输出电压平稳、坚固耐用，已被广泛应用于计算机及通信领域。对镍镉电池充电有两种方法：一是快速充电，即在尽量短的时间内用恒定的大电流将电池充足电；另一种是涓流充电，就是长时间用小电流对处于备用状态的电池进行充电，以补偿其因自行放电而造成的能量损失，使之总保持电量充足的最佳状态。
设计智能镍镉电池充电器，在对电池充电过程中，跟踪监测电池的电压变化和电流变化曲线，从而自动调整充电电流和电压，以达到最佳充电状态，尽可能的消除被充电电池的记忆效应，延长充电电池的使用寿命。该智能充电器在电池放入时，具备自动判断电池电压功能，以选择是否对该电池镍镉电池、快速充电、涓流充电以及定时充电等模式。
MAX712是MAXIM公司生产的镍镉电池快速充电器专用集成电路。具有多种可编程功能，可实现充电过程自动化，充电时间短、效率高，使用方便灵活。
本文介绍了一种用单片机编程控制的镍镉电池智能充电器集成电路的原理，并给出了使用该芯片所构成的镍镉智能电池充电器的实际应用电路。

关键字：智能；镍镉电池；定时充电；快速充电；涓流充电；MAX712；单片机

               
Abstract

The nickel cadmium cell is one kind of the alkaline battery. Its volume is small, the capacity is big, the output voltage is steady, is firm and durable. It has been widely applied in the computer and the correspondence domain. It has two methods to charge the nickel cadmium cell: One is the rapid charge rate, namely uses the constant big electric current in the as far as possible short time so that the battery sufficient electricity; Another is the trickling charge, uses the undercurrent the battery to carry on the charge in the long time at the readiness condition, for compensates the energy loss which its reason self-discharging, It makes always to maintain the electric quantity sufficient optimum condition.
To design intelligence nickel cadmium cell battery charger, in the way of battery charging-up , the track monitors the battery the voltage change and the electric current change curve, thus the automatic control charging current and the voltage. To achieve the best charge condition, elimination battery memory effect by the rechargeable as far as possible, lengthen the rechargeable battery the service life. This intelligent battery charger when the battery puts in, has the automatic judgment battery voltage function, chooses whether to this battery discharge, the rapid charge rate, the trickling charge as well as fixed time charges and so on the pattern.
MAX712 is the nickel cadmium cell fast battery charger special-purpose integrated circuit which MAXIM Corporation produces. It has the many kinds of programmable functions, may realize the charging-up automation, the duration of charging, the efficiency high, the easy to operate is flexible.
This article introduce one kind of the method that monolithic integrated circuit programming to control nickel cadmium cell intelligence battery to charger integrated circuit principle, and produce the nickel cadmium intelligence battery charger practical application electric circuit which this chip constituted.

Key words：Intelligence；Nickel cadmium cell；Fixed time charges；Rapid charge rate；Trickling charge；MAX712；Monolithic integrated circuit

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目录

引言……………………………………………………………………1
1  设计方案……………………………………………………… …2
2  选用芯片MAX712功能详细介绍…………………………………3
3  详细的硬件电路设计以及相关程序编写…………………………10
4  调试…………………………………………………………………21
5  结论…………………………………………………………………24
谢辞……………………………………………………………………25
参考文献………………………………………………………………26
附录……………………………………………………………………27

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