日本对华ODA政策演变述论

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日本对华ODA政策演变述论——20世纪90年代-21世纪初为中心的考察

内容摘要

  日本是中国改革开放后最早的也是最大的援助国，日本对华官方发展援助（ODA）为中日关系的修复和发展发挥过重要的影响，成为日本对华友好的象征。日本对华援助积极支持了中国的基础设施建设，对两国贸易和日本企业对华直接投资十分有利，帮助中国经济快速增长和国内市场扩大，又间接对推动两国经贸合作做出了贡献。
 本文简单介绍官方发展援助的概念和形式之后，研究了日本对华官方发展援助政策分别对中国经济和日本经济以及中日间经济关系的影响。经过近30年的援助,日本对华官方发展援助不仅促进了中国经济的发展,而且还给日本本国带来巨大的经济利益。
 本文梳理了日本对华官方发展援助政策的演变：日元贷款逐年大幅度削减，贷款实施转为每年审核批准，援助以内陆地区（特别是西部地区）及环保、扶贫、人才培养等方面为重点；自2005财年开始削减低息贷款,至2008财年全部终止,同时继续人员培训和环境保护计划的赠款与技术援助，于将来某一时间也将全部停止。本文还针对如此剧烈的调整提出了多方面的原因。最初ODA只是中日两国经济上的一个发展援助项目，却时常被日本当成一张遏止中国的外交牌。
 日本对华官方发展援助的巨大演变也必将对两国关系产生重大影响。因此，研究日本对华官方发展援助的演变及其实质，有助于我们把握中日关系的发展和演进。同时，站在中国的角度，我们应提高警觉，准备好灵活有效的应对方针策略，保持稳定、健康、友好的中日合作关系。
 
关键词：官方发展援助、对华官方发展援助、经济、演变

On The Changes of Japan’s ODA Towards China
——A study from 1990s to the early 21st century

ABSTRACT

 Since the initiation of the open and reform policy, Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) plays a critical role in restoring and improving the bilateral relationship, which became the symbol of Japan’s friendship to China. Japan’s assistance to China has supported the development of infrastructure in China, benefited bilateral trade and Japanese companies’ direct investment in China, contributed the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and the expansion of China’s domestic market, and also indirectly contributed to the cooperation in the areas of economy and trade between the two countries.
 At first, this paper makes a simple instruction about the definition and form of ODA. Then，it shows the influence on the Chinese economic, Japanese economic and Sino-Japanese economic relationship because of Japan’s ODA towards China, which not only promoted the development of Chinese economic, but also brought out huge economic benefits for the past nearly 30 years’ assistance.
 This paper summarizes the change of Japan’s ODA to China：Japanese loan’s reducing fast every year, the loan implementing transferred annually, mainly assistant with inland area, environment protection, poverty alleviation and specialists training (especially western area). March in 2005, Japan announced that they planed to start declining the Japanese loan to China since this fiscal year. Besides, they will gradually stop all the plans till the fiscal year 2008, but continuously supplying the donation on specialist training and environment protection, and supplying the technology assistance, which will be canceled someday. Meanwhile, this paper comes up with many reasons for the drastic adjustment. ODA is just development assistance, and it’s always used as a diplomatic card blocking China.
 The intensive adjustment of Japan’s ODA will definitely bring out significant impact upon Sino-Japanese relationship. Therefore, studying ODA and its changes will be helpful for us to make a better understanding about the development and the changes in Sino-Japanese relationship. At the same time, from China’s perspective, we should keep alert, having flexible and effective strategies for the stable, health and friendly cooperation relationship.

KEYWORDS：ODA, ODA towards China, Economic, Change
正文目录

第一章 官方发展援助概述……………………………………………………1

第二章 日本对华官方发展援助政策对中日经济的影响………………3
第一节 日本对华官方发展援助对中国经济的影响………………………………3
一、日元贷款为中国引进外资发挥了积极作用……………………………………3
二、中国利用日本对华ODA建设了大批基础设施…………………………………3
三、在农业开发、环保、扶贫、人才培养等方面发挥的积极作用………………4
第二节 日本对华官方发展援助对日本经济的影响………………………………5
一、ODA为日本打开并占有中国大市场创造了良好条件…………………………5
二、ODA对日本经济复苏产生了积极影响…………………………………………5
三、对华日元贷款的实际回报相当可观……………………………………………6
第三节 日本对华官方发展援助对中日间经济关系的影响………………………6

第三章 日本对华官方发展援助的政策演变………………………………8
第一节  日本对华官方发展援助政策演变的过程…………………………………8
一、对华贷款规模逐年大幅度削减…………………………………………………8
二、日元贷款实施周期变化…………………………………………………………10
三、日元贷款投向发生变化…………………………………………………………10
第二节  日本对华官方发展援助政策的发展趋势………………………………11

第四章 日本对华官方发展援助政策演变的缘由………………………13
一、日本将ODA政治化………………………………………………………………13
二、日本利用ODA谋求对华“软遏制”的战略考量………………………………13
三、日本民族主义逐渐抬头…………………………………………………………14
四、中国的经济发展将对日本构成“威胁”………………………………………14
五、中国对日本的援助不存在感激之情……………………………………………15
六、有负罪感…………………………………………………………………………15

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………16

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