可充电电池特征

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CHARACTERISTICS
OF RECHARGEABLE
BATTERIES
Introduction
This chapter will highlight the most important electrical and physical characteristics of the three most popular chemistries used in rechargeable batteries:
          Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)
          Nickel Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH)
          Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)
Definitions of Terms
A cell is an electro-chemical device capable of supplying the energy that results from an internal chemical reaction to an external electric circuit.
A battery is composed of one or more cells, either parallel or series connected to obtain a required current/voltage capability (batteries comprised of series connected cells are by far the most common).
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) is the internal resistance present in any cell that
limits the amount of peak current it can deliver.
The Amp-hour capacity of a battery (or cell) is its most important figure of merit:  it is defined as the amount of current that a battery can deliver for 1 hour before the battery voltage reaches the end-of-life point.
The "c" rate is a current that is numerically equal to the A-hr rating of the cell.  Charge and discharge currents are typically expressed in fractions or multiples of the c rate.
The MPV (mid-point voltage) is the nominal voltage of the cell, and is the voltage that is measured when the battery has discharged 50% of its total energy.
The measured cell voltage at the end of its operating life is called the EODV, which stands for End of Discharge Voltage (some manufacturers refer to this as EOL or End
of Life voltage).
The gravimetric energy density of a battery is a measure of how much energy a battery contains in comparison to its weight.
The volumetric energy density of a battery is a measure of how much energy a battery
contains in comparison to its volume.
A constant-voltage charger is a circuit that recharges a battery by sourcing only enough current to force the battery voltage to a fixed value.
A constant-current charger is a circuit that charges a battery by sourcing a fixed current into the battery, regardless of battery voltage.

可充电电池特征
导言
本章将强调最重要的电气和物理特性的三个最流行的化学品使用的可充电电池：
镍镉，镍氢，锂离子电池。
术语定义
元件是一种电化学装置能够提供的能量，结果从一个内部的化学反应的外部电路。
电池组成的一个或多个元件，或者并联或串联连接以获取所需的电流/电压能力（电池串联组成的元件是目前最常见）。
ESR （等效串联电阻）是限制当前任何元件所提供的峰值的内部电阻。
一个电池的容量（Ah）是其最重要的数字值，它的定义是为目前的电池可以提供1小时之前，电池电压达到报废点。
C比率在数值上等于元件释放容量的速率。
充电和放电电流通常表示在分数或倍数的C率。
MPV（中点电压）是元件的额定电压，是电池已放出总能量的50%时所测得电压值电压。
测量电池电压在其运行寿命被称为EODV即结束放电电压（一些制造商指这是停产或完生命电压）。
电池的重量能量密度是指与自身重量相比电池所含能量多少的度量值。
恒定电压充电是一个电路，充电电池的采购只够目前迫使电池电压为固定值。
恒定电流充电电路，是一种收取电池采购固定电流到电池，不管电池电压。
充放电曲线

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