具有高抗负载干扰能力的自整定过程控制器

中文字数:4282,中文页数:8  英文字数:2984页数:11

摘要 本文提出的是一种整定过程控制器，此控制器能有效的抑制负载扰动,它是一种典型的过程控制，但却不容易被大多数常规的控制器处理。虽然在简单的情况下可以使它成为PID控制，但是调节器的结构却并没有被固定下来，但这一基本上可以等同于(PID)调节器的固定结构的重要的特性使它成为整定控制器的主要研究方向，文中给出了模拟实例和实验实例。
Ⅰ 引言
     　在工业上，“过程控制器”通常是一种只有一个或者几个电路环的简单装置，这种装置被广泛的应用于过程应用中，(根据 [5]占总市场的64%), 他们"提供一个更容易管理的过程以防失败"(同上)。 在一个过程控制器的选择中，自适应控制器是在最期望具有的特征中最流行的 [6],因为用户正越来越相信此项技术[3 , 2 , 13 ]。大多数过程控制器都是基于PID 控制器结构，并且那些控制器的普及是在最近几十年里付出大量努力在PID自整定方向上的原因[2 , 13 ]。几乎任何控制问题或者过程控制器偶然发现的控制问题都可以综合为PID。本文阐述了一种控制问题，特别针对在设计一种PID控制算法时所遇到的困难且关键的问题，并且在过程应用中它也是很有趣的。对于这种控制问题，提出一种调节器结构，并根据这种结构设计一套调节程序，这套程序应尽量注重控制过程实现的有关问题。一个模拟试验和一个实验室试验的例子被报导，来说明本文提倡的自适应调节器的有效性，它们都是通过把它看作是带有抗负载扰动的PID控制器。

Abstract − This paper presents an autotuning process controller aimed at providing efficient rejection of load disturbances, in a class of situations that are typical in process cotnrol, and not easy to treat with most standard autotuning controllers. The regulator structure is not completely fixed a priori, though it can be reduced to a PID in simple cases. This is a significant peculiarity with respect to the main research stream on autotuning regulators, that refers essentially to fixed-structure (PID) regulators. Both a simulation and a laboratory example are reported.

I. INTRODUCTION
In the industry, the term ‘process controller’ refers typically to a simple device, handling one or a few loops. Such devices are the most widely used in process applications (64% of the overall marketplace according to [5]), as they “provide a more manageable process in case of failure” (ibidem). In the selection of a process controller, autotuning is nowadays among the most desired features [6], as the users are becoming more and more confident in that technology [3, 2, 13]. Most process controllers are based on the PID regulator structure, and the diffusion of those controllers is surely among the reasons of the great research effort that in the last decades has been spent on the PID (auto)tuning [2, 13]. Methods were conceived to synthesize a PID for almost any control problem, or class of control problems, that a process controller may come across. This work addresses a control problem that is quite particular, but of significant interest in process applications, and for which it is difficult, and potentially very critical, to devise a tuning method for the PID. For this control problem, an alternative regulator structure is proposed, and a tuning procedure for that structure is devised, focusing attention on implementation-related issues. A simulation test and an experimental laboratory example are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed autotuning regulator, also by comparing it to a PID tuned with a method conceived for load disturbance rejection.

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