设立中公司法律地位探析

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摘要
   设立中公司作为公司取得法人资格的必经程序，其根本特征在于它的过渡性，通过分解可以把这种根本性特征具体化为目的性、短暂性、动态性、中间态和非独立性五个基本特征。按照设立中公司的各个特征，再结合公司设立过程中所发生的发起人合伙、订立公司章程、认缴公司股份、创设公司机关和申请设立公司登记等具有标志性的事件，可以得出设立中公司是从订立公司章程到公司注册登记这个阶段的以设立公司为目的的具有过渡性的组织。在设立中公司具有何种法律地位问题上，主要有无权利能力社团说、同一体说、修正的同一体说三种观点，现如今通说为修正的同一体说。在考查民事主体制度发展历程的基础上，笔者认为设立中公司应当作为一种具有有限民事权利能力的主体而存在。我国对设立中公司的法律规定很欠缺，这导致了在公司设立实务上的某些混乱，因此应该对设立中公司做出较完备的规定。

 关键词： 设立中公司  权利能力  民事主体  司法解释

ABSTRACT
The pre-incorporation obtained legal personality as an indispensable part of the process, its fundamental characteristic is the transition, through decomposition it can be translated into purpose,short-term,dynamic,intermediatestate,non-independence fiveBasic characteristics:purpose ,short-term, dynamic, intermediate state, non-independence. In accordance with pre-incorporation′s various characteristics, combined with the company set up in the course of the promoters′partnership, a charter company, the payment of shares and the creation of institutions and companies for the establishment of company registration, and other landmark events, it can be set up in Is made from the company's constitution to companies registered in this phase of the company for the purpose of the establishment of a transitional organization. In the establishment of the legal status of the company on the issue of whether the main legal capacity Societies said that the same one that said that the one with three points, is now said to-the same one that amendment. In the main test of the civil system on the basis of the development process, I believe that the establishment of the company should have as a limited capacity of the main civil rights exist. China on the establishment of the company is the lack of legal provisions, which led to the establishment of practice in the company of some confusion, it should be the establishment of companies to make more comprehensive in the provisions.

Key words: pre-incorporation, the right capacity, the main civil, judicial interpretation

目  录
摘要............................................................... Ⅲ
ABSTRACT .......................................................... Ⅳ
引言 ................................................................1
一 、设立中公司的特征、存续时间及概念................................2
（一）设立中公司的特征...............................................2
1. 目的性特征........................................................2
2. 短暂性特征 .......................................................2
3. 动态性特征 .......................................................3
4. 中间态特征 .......................................................3
5.非独立性特征 ......................................................4
（二）设立中公司的存续时间 ..........................................4
1. 在发起人合伙阶段..................................................5
2. 在订立公司章程阶段................................................5
3. 在认缴股份阶段 ...................................................6
4. 在创设设立中公司机关阶段 .........................................6
二 、关于设立中公司法律地位的几种主流观点及评析......................7
（一）无权利能力说 ..................................................7
（二）同一体说.......................................................8
（三）修正的同一体说.................................................9
三、设立中公司的民事主体地位.........................................9
（一）设立中公司民事主体地位的理论论证 .............................10
（二）设立中公司民事主体地位的历史考查..............................11
1. 罗马法时期 ......................................................11
2. 法国民法典.......................................................12
3. 德国民法典 ......................................................13
4. 民事主体制度的当代发展 ..........................................13
四、我国现目前在设立中公司方面的法制现状及笔者之建议................14
（一） 我国法律在设立中公司方面的现状...............................14
（二） 我国司法解释对设立中公司进行规范的尝试.......................15
（三） 完善我国的设立中公司法制的路径...............................16
结论 .............................................................. 17
参考文献 .......................................................... 18
致谢 ........................................................... ...19

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