论经营者的安全保障义务及其责任承担

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摘要
为保护消费者利益而设立的经营者安全保障义务是一种抽象的危险注意义务，它来源于德国法官从判例中发展起来的社会活动安全注意义务理论，这一义务是强制性的，是不能约定排除和限制的法定义务。在司法实践中审理此类案件时，我们应正视经营者的合法利益，兼顾消费者与经营者的利益平衡，明确经营者对其经营行为相关的危险源能够合理控制，从法定标准、约定标准及理性人的标准等方面把握经营者注意义务的合理范围，判断经营者过错（过失）及过错大小的标准主要是经营者是否违反法定义务、约定义务或社会生活的一般注意义务。违反安全保障义务的经营者责任承担方式为直接责任或补充责任两种形式，在第三人积极侵权时，经营者消极不作为对消费者造成损害事实，经营者的补充赔偿责任总额应小于或等于直接侵权第三人应当承担的赔偿责任的总额。
关键词：安全保障义务   合理范围   过错  补充责任

Abstract
The operator safety control duty which sets up for the consumer protection benefit is one kind of abstract dangerous attention duty, it originates from German judge the social activity safe attention duty theory which develops from the legal precedent, this duty is compulsory, cannot agree the legal obligation which removes and limits. Tries this kind of case when the judicial practice, we should face up to operator's legal advantage, gives dual attention to the consumer and operator's benefit balance, is clear about the operator to be able to control reasonably to its management behavior related dangerous source, from official standard, agreement standard and rational person's aspects and so on standard grasps the operator to pay attention to the voluntary the reasonable scope, decided whether the operator does undertake the right infringement responsibility mistake (error) and the mistake size judgment standard is mainly an operator whether to violate the legal obligation, the agreement duty or the social life general attention duty. Violates the safety control duty the operator responsibility to undertake the way for the direct liability or the supplement responsibility two forms, when the third person infringes upon the right positively, the operator does not take negatively to the consumer creates the harm fact, operator's supplement liability of compensation total amount should be smaller than or be equal to that infringes upon the right directly the liability of compensation total amount which the third person must undertake. key word: Safety control duty; Reasonable scope, mistake, supplement responsibility
Key Word   Safety control duty ； Reasonable scope ； mistake ；supplement responsibility
目录
摘要........................................................... Ⅱ
Abstract......................................................  Ⅲ
引言 .................................................... .......1
一 、安全保障义务的概念及法理基础................................2
二 、安全保障义务的法律性质 .....................................2
（一）我国相关立法对经营者安全保障义务的规定 ....................2
（二）经营者安全保障义务的性质 ..................................3
三、经营者承担安全保障义务的合理范围.............................4
（一）对经营者利益的正视.........................................5
（二）合理范围的衡量标准.........................................6
（三）经营者安全保障义务的内容 ..................................6
四、经营者违反安全保障义务的责任.................................7
（一）归责原则...................................................7
（二）经营者具体责任的承担.......................................8
1. 安全保障义务的责任类型 ...................................... 8
2. 补充赔偿责任的合理性及范围 .................................. 8
结  语 ........................................................ 10
参考文献 ...................................................... 11
致  谢 .................................................... ....12

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