论公司要约收购

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摘    要
      要约收购是上市公司收购法律体系中重要的组成部分，最初起源于20世纪50年代的英国。在收购过程中坚定的以维护广大中小股东合法权益，现代企业制度下强化管理层约束机制为基本原则。
在我国上市公司收购中，收购人取得控股权就必然会触及全面强制要约收购，而使得大量收购人用两个或多个“非关联公司”来同时收购目标公司，以求规避全面强制要约收购，由此滋生了大量内幕交易，违背了“三公”原则。我国实施要约收购制度，尤其是全面强制要约收购制度的立法目的主要是为了给中小股东对控股股东变动时自由退出的选择权。但实际上对于目标公司来说，新控股股东与中小股东总体利益基本一致，没有理由也无任何实证结果认为新控股股东会不利于目标公司。新控股股东并不希望终止目标公司的上市，仅仅希望取得其控制权。
因此，在这种情况下探究要约收购制度的性质，原则，以及在现实中的实践具有了极大的意义。
关键词：要约收购的概念；基本原则；制度结构与内容；制度现状

Discuss the Tender Offer

Abstract
Tender offer is one of the important parts in the law systems,originating in the 1950s in England.It aims at that strongly defending the Legal rights of the mostly small and medium shareholders,which intensifies restraint mechanism of manage ranks in the modern enterprise systems as basic principles.
Among of the listed companies in China, once purchasing persons getting the rights of controlling stock must get touch of tender offer system about all round about,therefore a great number of purchasing persons will take the name of  two or two more non- related companies purchasing the target companies in order to avoid negotiating purchase system about all round about and it multiplied inside exchange,which broke the “three pubilc”rules. Our country carry on the tender offer system especially forcing negotiating tender offer sysmtem about all round about is mainly for the choice that liberty alterated rights of small and medium shareholders’ withdrawing.However,as a matter of fact, new controlling share holders’interests is according with the small and medium shareholders as a whole.There are no reasons and proven outcomes regarding the new controlling share holders will do harm to the target companies.
All in all ,in the realistic practice, it has great meaning that demonstrating the nature and the principle of the tender offer.
Key words: the concept of tender offer；basic principle；the construction and content of system；present situation of system

目   录
摘   要 .............................................................III
Abstract ............................................................IV
引言................................................................... 1
一、要约收购的概述 ...................................................2
（一）上市公司的收购............................................ ..........2
        1．协议收购与要约收购..........................................2
       2．协议收购与要约收购的区别....................................2
       3．研究要约收购的意义..........................................3
（二）各国要约收购类型...........................................................3
             1.英国的要约收购制度...........................................4
           2.美国的要约收购制度............................................4
           3.大陆法系国家的要约收购制度....................................5
（三）关于我国要约收购的立法............................... 5
二、要约收购制度的基本原则..................................6
(一)股东平等原则............................................6
(二)信息披露原则............................................6
    1.大股东信息披露义务.............................................6
     2.目标公司管理部门的披露义务.....................................7
     3.收购要约人的披露义务...........................................7
四、要约收购的程序................................................... 8
   （一）持股情况披露...........................................8
   （二）制备文书...............................................8
   （三）公告收购要约...........................................8
   （四）豁免事项...............................................9
   （五）收购...................................................9
五、我国要约收购的收购制度的立法现状及缺陷.................10
   （一）我国要约收购制度的立法现状............................10
   （二）我国要约收购制度的缺陷.................................11
         1．股权问题......................................................11
         2．信息披露问题...............................................12

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