我国死刑废止后的制度完善

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摘    要

      死刑废止问题是现在社会争论的一个焦点。死刑本身制定的初衷也是为了惩罚犯罪者，让其受到该有的惩罚，可以有机会改过自新，同时也是为了让其他的人吸取教训，起到威慑的作用，以减少犯罪发生。从贝卡利亚提出废除死刑以后，死刑问题就一直在受到人们的质疑。死刑到现在还在某些国家依然存在的理由只是人们认为其可以威慑到犯罪者。可是我们仔细观察研究就会发现，死刑的威慑力并不如人们所想象的那样让人害怕，犯罪率也并没有因为死刑的存在而减少，这在废止死刑的国家我们可以看见。
本文将从废除死刑的价值基础入手，探讨一下废除死刑的意义：保障人权和防止死刑错案的发生；然后从国际和国内两方面简述与死刑相关的立法，以及死刑制度发展的趋势——必然走向灭亡。目前我国在逐渐的限制死刑制度的适用，尤其是在最高院收回死刑复核权的今天，相信日后必将到达废止的目的。
我国现行刑法存在“死刑过重，生刑过轻”的问题，因此在废除死刑后不能起到有效的威慑效果，这就需要以具有相同威慑力却具有人道主义的方法来代替死刑制度。文章的重点即是对此问题进行论述：对死缓、无期徒刑、有期徒刑等制度加以改革，对减刑和假释制度进行合理的规定，并采用其他的制度如刑事和解制度和刑事被害人救助制度来完善我国的刑法。
本人研究这个问题的目的主要就是想提出一些替代死刑的制度建议，希望能为我国刑法制度的完善做一点努力，更是希望死刑制度的废止能够尽快地达成。

关键词 制度建构 死缓 无期徒刑 减刑 假释

China abolished the death penalty system after the building

Abstract
Abolition of the death penalty issue is now a focus of social controversy. Enacted the death penalty itself is the original intention to punish the perpetrators, some of them subject to the penalties, you can have the opportunity to rehabilitate, but also to allow other people to draw lessons, played the role of deterrence, to reduce the crime occurred. Beccaria from the proposed abolition of the death penalty, the death penalty issue has been questioned by people. Now is the death penalty still exists in some countries the only reason people think they can deterrent to offenders. However, we carefully observed study will find that the death of deterrence is not as people imagine, as people fear, because the crime rate also does not reduce the presence of the death penalty, abolished the death penalty in this country we can see.     This paper will be to abolish the death penalty based on the value of start to explore the significance of the abolition of the death penalty: the protection of human rights and prevent the occurrence of making the death penalty and then from both international and domestic briefly with the death penalty-related legislation and the development trend of the death penalty system - an inevitable Toward extinction. At present, China's gradual restriction in the application of the death penalty system, particularly at the highest hospital to recover the right to review death penalty today, I believe the future is bound to reach the Abolition of the purpose.     China's current criminal law there, "the death penalty too heavy, the Health and sentence was too light," and therefore the abolition of the death penalty can not be an effective deterrent effect, it needs to have the same deterrent force is a humanitarian way to replace the death penalty system. The article's focus is on this issue: the death with reprieve, life imprisonment, the prison system be reformed, such as the commutation and parole system in a reasonable, and the use of other systems such as criminal and criminal system of reconciliation of victims relief system to improve China's criminal law.      I look at the issue of the main purposes is to propose some alternative system of the death penalty proposal in the hope of China's penal system for the improvement of efforts to do something, the more the system is to abolish the death penalty can be reached as soon as possible.

Keywords： Construction of the system; Death with reprieve; Life imprisonment; Commutation of sentence; Parole

目    录
摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
前  言…………………………………………………………………… 1
一、废除死刑的价值基础……………………………………………… 1
  （一）维护人权………………………………………………………………1
  （二）死刑的威慑力…………………………………………………………2
  （三）防止死刑错案的发生…………………………………………………3
二、我国死刑制度的立法评析及立法趋势………………………………3
  （一）立法评析………………………………………………………………3
  （二）立法趋势………………………………………………………………4
三、废除死刑后刑罚制度的完善………………………………………5
  （一）废除我国的死缓制度…………………………………………………6
1.死缓的积极意义…………………………………………………………………6
2.死缓存在缺陷 …………………………………………………………………6
3.死缓制度的终结…………………………………………………………………7
  （二）让无期徒刑制度替代死刑……………………………………………7
1.无期徒刑很好的体现了人道主义思想……………………………………………7
2.无期徒刑的威慑力并不比死刑低…………………………………………………7
3.我国现行的无期徒刑仍存在缺陷…………………………………………………8
（三）完善有期徒刑…………………………………………………………8
（四）善用资格刑……………………………………………………………8
（五）对减刑进行严格控制…………………………………………………9
（六）不能适用假释制度……………………………………………………9
四、废除死刑后其他制度的完善………………………………………10
  （一）刑事和解制度………………………………………………………10
  （二）被害人赔偿制度……………………………………………………10
结束语……………………………………………………………………11
参考文献…………………………………………………………………12
致  谢……………………………………………………………………13

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