论刑法的因果关系

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摘   要
     刑法因果关系历来是刑法理论上的一个重要问题，也是一个新论迭出的问题，在我国刑法学的研究当中，中外学者在对刑法因果关系进行研究的过程中，发表了诸多的专著和范文，由此亦在一定的程度上解决了刑法因果关系的许多问题，然而至今为止，有关刑法因果关系的纷争并未停止，历史上就有偶然因果关系说与必然因果关系说之争，现在又有高概率之说、条件说、事实因果关系与法律因果关系区分说之论，这些观点的出现，表明刑法因果关系的研究正在深化，为我们进一步研究开阔了视野，但同时又给了我们一种不是隔靴搔痒——抓不到实处，就是只提出问题却没有说明如何解决问题的浅尝辙止的感觉，刑法学作为一门应用科学和解释学，其立论的出发点应该是解决实际问题，作为刑法学的重要课题刑法因果关系的研究，当然也不能例外，但是，从我国目前有关这个问题的研究来看，情况似乎并不如此。而国外刑法因果关系的内容与结构与我国存在明显的差异，美国刑法因果关系建立在判例法基础之上，层次清晰、规则、体系完整。尽管目前刑法理论界不乏走出“必然性”与“偶然性”争论困境的呼声，但教学和司法层面仍然遵循原有理论。因此，有必要对我国因果关系理论进行重新思考，构建新的刑法因果关系理论。本文循着我国学者门在因果关系研究的踪迹，借鉴国外有关方面的先进理论，从比较的角度，发现其中的问题，阐述我国刑法因果关系研究的不足之处，并对重新构建提出自己的一点意见和建议。

关键词：因果关系   英美法系   抗辩制度

On the causal link between the criminal law
Abstract
    Penal causal link between the criminal law theory has always been an important issue, but also on Diechu a new problem in the study of China's Criminal Law, Criminal Law on Chinese and foreign scholars in the causal link between the process of research, published numerous books and papers, This is also a certain extent, resolved the causal link between the criminal law many of the problems, but so far, the causal link between the criminal law did not stop the disputes, there is the history of occasional causal relationship between cause and effect relationship that is bound with that dispute, and now high The probability that the conditions that the causal link between the facts and the law of cause and effect of that distinction, the emergence of these views that the criminal law of cause and effect relationship is deepening, as we further study a broad vision, but also gave us a not Gexuesaoyang - Zhuabu Dao is, is the only question is not how to solve the problem of shallow taste Zhe only the impression that criminal law as an application of science and hermeneutics, the argument should be the starting point of solving practical problems, as the Criminal Law Causal link between the important issue of the Penal Code, of course, is no exception, however, from China's current research on this issue, the situation does not seem to be the case. The United States Criminal Code and the causal relationship between the content and structure of significant differences exist in China, the United States in the establishment of the Criminal Code causal relationship on the basis of case law, the level of clarity, rules, system integrity. Although there are currently out of "inevitability" and "chance" of the plight of controversial calls, but the level of teaching and still follow the original theory. Therefore, it is necessary causal link between the theory of China's re-thinking and build a new Criminal Code causal link between the theory. In this paper, follow China's scholars in the door on the causal link between the traces of foreign parties advanced theories, from a comparative point of view, found the problem, expounded China's Criminal causal link between the inadequacy of the study and proposed re-build their own point Comments and suggestions．
Keywords： Causal relationship；Common law；Defence system

目   录
摘  要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
引  言……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
一、我国刑法因果关系概述…………………………………………………………1
（一）因果关系的定义……………………………………………………………………1
（二）因果关系的特点……………………………………………………………………2
（三）因果关系的研究价值…………………………………………………………… 3

二、刑法因果关系的研究现状及评论…………………………………………… 3
（一）我国的研究现状……………………………………………………………………3
1．局限于哲学的角度…………………………………………………………………………3
2．侧重于偶然因果关系与必然因果关系的研究……………………………………………3
3．与行为人主观心理态度及刑事责任完全分离……………………………………………4

（二）英美法系及大陆法系的研究现状………………………………………………5
1．英美法系的研究现状………………………………………………………………………5
2．大陆法系的研究现状………………………………………………………………………6
三、重构我国刑法因果关系理论……………………………………………………7
（一）弱化哲学上因果关系理论………………………………………………………8
（二）借鉴美国双层次结构理论………………………………………………………8
（三）确立因果关系抗辩制度…………………………………………………………9
结束语………………………………………………………………………………………10
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………… 11
致  谢………………………………………………………………………………………12

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