论刑罚的目的

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摘    要
      刑罚是统治阶级用来对付犯罪的一种手段。马克思指出：“刑罚不外是对付违反它的生存条件（不管这是些什么条件）的行为的一种自卫手段。”可见刑罚是以犯罪为前提条件，刑罚是犯罪的法律后果，就是说刑罚不仅伴随着犯罪的产生而产生，而且最终将伴随着犯罪的消灭而消灭。那么，刑罚的目的之一就是为了惩罚犯罪，而且这个目的一直体现于我国历代的刑法之中。随着社会的不断变化与发展尤其是在提倡创建和谐社会的社会主义今日之中国，简单的以惩罚为目的的刑罚目的论已不能再适应和谐社会发展的要求，刑罚目的论也应随着社会的发展而不断变化。在现实当中的人们的一言一行，都是要受着各自的目的的指导，不可能存在没有目的的行为，一个社会制定、适用和执行刑罚也必然的有其目的的指导。作为对于刑法及法律的实施的根本保障的刑罚来说，明确其目的更加具有现实意义。和谐社会提倡以人为本，相应的在司法过程中刑罚的程度会越来越轻，非刑罚化已经成为一种趋势。刑罚目的在其本质的限制下，可能使刑罚朝着时代进步的方面发展，如果有其他方法可以减少犯罪的发生，就不必一定要采取刑罚这种痛苦的方式，这也是创建和谐社会的要求。因此，在某种犯罪不需要处刑时，可以考虑免除处罚，在需要使用刑罚的情况下，首先要考虑刑罚目的的需要，即对社会的警戒作用，其次考虑报应的要求，以报应的标准限定刑罚的程度，从而达到甚刑、轻刑以适应人文和谐的目的。
国内外关于刑罚目的的学说有很多种不能随便选择，因此本文就这些派别分别进行浅要分析，并主要通过对现阶段我国宽严相济的刑事政策的评析结合当今和谐社会的要求提出自己的一些不成熟的见解。
关键词：一般预防 ， 特殊预防 ， 宽严相济

Abstract

Penalty is used against the ruling class as a means of crime. Marx noted: "penalties for violation of no more than it is to deal with the living conditions (whether this is what conditions) of a self-defense means." Foreseeable criminal penalty is the prerequisite conditions, the penalty is the legal consequences of crime, that is, penalties Along with not only a crime arising, and will eventually be accompanied by the elimination and eradication of crime. Then, one of the purposes of punishment is to punish crime, but this has been reflected in China's history of the Penal Code. With the constant changes in society and development especially in the promotion of a harmonious society of socialism in China today, the simple purpose to punish for the purpose of punishment is no longer meet the requirements of the development of a harmonious society, the purpose of penalties should also be as society The development of ever-changing. In the reality of people's words and deeds, are suffering from their own purposes to the guide, could not exist without purpose of the act, a social development, application and enforcement of penalties must also have the purpose of the guide. As for criminal law and the implementation of the law and the fundamental protection of the penalty, the clear purpose of more practical significance. Harmonious society advocated people-oriented, the corresponding penalty in the judicial process in the light of the increasing degree, non-penalty has become a trend. The purpose of the penalty nature of the restrictions, penalties may progress toward the development of the times, if there are other ways to reduce the incidence of crime, would not have to take the penalty for this suffering, this is to create a harmonious society. Therefore, the sentence does not require a crime, could be considered exempted from punishment, penalty in the need to use the circumstances, we must first consider the needs of penalties purpose, namely, the social security role, followed by consideration the requirements of retribution, the standard limit to retribution The level of penalty to achieve substantial sentence, Qingxing harmony to meet the objective of the humanities.     At home and abroad on penalties purpose of the doctrine could not be there are many choices, so this paper, these factions were carried out to shallow analysis, and mainly through the current stage of China's economic Kuanyan of the criminal policies of the current assessment of the requirements of a harmonious society by their own Some immature view.
Keywords ：general prevention  ， special prevention  ， Jeju of Kuanyan

目录
摘要 .......................................................II
Abstract ...................................................III
引言 .......................................................1
一、西方历史上关于刑罚目的的学说........................... 1
（一）绝对主义 .............................................1
1．狭义的报应主义.......................................... 1
2．赎罪主义................................................ 2
（二）相对主义............................................. 2
1．一般预防主义 ............................................2
2．特别预防主义............................................ 3
3．双面预防主义 ............................................4
（三）折中主义............................................. 5
二、我国关于刑罚目的的学说................................. 5
三、对刑罚目的观点的评析................................... 6
（一）特殊预防与一般预防................................... 6
（二）一般预防与特殊预防的关系是对立统一的 .................7
四、刑罚目的的价值与现实意义 ...............................8
（一）刑罚的价值........................................... 8
1．刑罚目的制约着刑罚的制定 ................................8
2．刑罚目的决定着刑罚的适用................................ 8
3．刑罚目的指导着刑罚的执行................................ 8
（二）刑罚目的研究在我国的现实意义 .........................9
1．宽严相济刑事政策的涵义.................................. 9
2．在和谐社会发展前提下宽严相济的刑事政策的具体贯彻措施 ....10
结束语 .....................................................12
参考文献 ...................................................13
致谢词..................................................... 14

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