论报复陷害罪与诬告陷害罪的区别

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摘   要
     我国刑法第243条规定的诬告陷害罪和第254条规定的报复陷害罪对于保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和国家机关的正常活动有积极作用，但由于两罪具有同源于陷害的历史渊源，实践中两罪很容易发生混淆，因此，应从犯罪的客体、犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、客观方面、犯罪行为内容、犯罪目的等对两罪加以区分。正确把握两者的界限，准确区分罪与非罪，此罪与彼罪对我国的法学理论研究和司法实践具有重要意义。

关键词：    报复陷害罪    诬告陷害罪    区别

Abstract
The crime of retaliation trap in the 243rd item of our country’s criminal law and the crime of false zccusations trap in the 254th item of our country’s criminal law have an active function in protecting the jura personarum and democratic rights of   our citizen and the normal function of our government agency, while these two items have the same historical origin in circumvention,it is easy to make confusion on them practically. So we should differentiate them from the victim, crime, the subjective aspect, the objective aspect, the crime action and the crime aim etc. Besides, it is very important for us to do research on the theory of law and the practice of justice to  know the circumscription between these two items , know the difference between the crime and noncrime, know the difference between this crime and that crime .
Key words: The crime of retaliation trap , the crime of false zccusations trap ，difference

目 录
摘要 .................................................................III
Abstract .............................................................IV
前言...................................................... ...........1
一、报复陷害罪的概念及其犯罪构成..................................... 1
（一）报复陷害罪的概念 ...............................................1
（二）报复陷害罪的犯罪构成 ...........................................1
1.客体要件 ...........................................................1
2.客观要件 ...........................................................2
3.主体要件 ...........................................................2
4.主观要件........................................................... 2
二、诬告陷害罪的概念及其犯罪构成..................................... 4
（一）.诬告陷害罪的概念 ..............................................4
（二）诬告陷害罪的构成要件 ...........................................4
1.客体要件........................................................... 4
2.客观要件........................................................... 5
3.主体要件........................................................... 6
4.主观要件 ...........................................................6
三、报复陷害罪与诬告陷害罪在犯罪构成上的相同之处 .....................7
（一）.两罪客体的相同之处 ............................................7
（二）.两罪客观方面的相同之处 ........................................7
（三）.两罪主体相同的表现............................................ 7
（四）.两罪主观方面相同的表现 ........................................7
四、报复陷害罪与诬告陷害罪的区别 .....................................9
（一）.客体的界限.................................................... 9
（二）. 客观方面的界限............................................... 9
（三）.主体的界限.................................................... 9
（四）.主观方面的界限 ................................................9
（五）.构成要件的界限 ................................................10
（六）.行为表现不同.................................................. 10
（七）.犯罪行为内容不同...............................................10
（八）.目的不同.......................................................10
（九）.犯罪手段不同...................................................10
五、具体案件的评析 ...................................................11
（一）.林xx的行为是构成诬告陷害罪还是报复陷害罪？.................... 11
（二）科长诬告属下从事间谍活动，其行为是诬告陷害，还是定报复陷害..... 12
六、研究报复陷害罪与诬告陷害罪的区别在司法实践中的作用和意义 .........14
（一）. 正确区分罪与非罪，有效防止公民错误地受到法律追究 .............14
（二）.准确对待此罪与彼罪，体现刑法原则.............................. 14
（三）.正确区分轻罪与重罪 ............................................14
（四）.营造良好的法制氛围，加快社会法制建设步伐...................... 14
结语 .................................................................15
参考文献............................................................. 16
致谢 .................................................................17

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