犯罪客体在司法认定中的作用

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摘   要
     犯罪构成是刑法理论的核心，被看成是犯罪论的基石和基本内容，是各种犯罪事实中抽象出来的一般性的、普遍性的要件的总和，是解决犯罪事实的前提与基础。而犯罪客体是否是犯罪构成的要件之一，一直是我国刑法理论界争论不休的话题。对于什么是犯罪客体，有着许多不同的观点与主张，比如“社会关系说”、“对象说”、“法益说”等等；此外对于犯罪客体有没有存在的必要，有的学者否定犯罪客体作为犯罪构成要件，主张消灭犯罪客体，认为犯罪主观要件、犯罪主体要件和犯罪客观要件就已经完整构成了犯罪构成的所有要件，比如“二要件说”与“三要件说”。而有的学者则认为犯罪客体是犯罪构成的必备条件之一即我国现在的传统理论通说。因此对于犯罪客体的准确定义定位，以及对犯罪客体存在价值的探讨有助于我们正确地学习和认识犯罪构成理论。本文正是基于这样一种观念对犯罪客体作粗浅的探讨。通过对各种观点、学说的比较，深入地探讨了犯罪客体的定义、地位、序位，论证地得出犯罪客体作为犯罪构成要件的必要性，最后进一步地说明了犯罪客体在犯罪构成要件中对司法认定的作用。

关键词： 犯罪构成   犯罪客体       司法作用

Criminal justice that the object in the role of
Abstract
Crime is a core theory of criminal law, was seen as the cornerstone of a crime and the basic content of a variety of crimes in the abstract by the general, universal elements of the sum, is to address crime and the fact that the premise basis. The object of the crime is a crime one of the elements, has been a topic of debate in China The field of criminal law.What is the object of the crime, have many different views and ideas, such as "community relations", "targets", "Law said Yi," etc. In addition there are the object of crime no longer necessary, some scholars deny the object as a crime Elements of a crime, advocates the eradication of crime object that the subjective element of crime, criminal elements and the main objective elements of the crime constituted a crime has been a complete all the elements, such as "The Elements" and the "three elements of that." But some scholars believe that crime is the object of a crime that is the necessary condition for China is now one of the traditional theory Qualcomm said. So the object of a precise definition of criminal positioning, and the value of the object of the crime of the right to help us learn and understand a theory of crime. This article is based on a concept of crime as the object of superficial. Through the various viewpoints, theories of the comparison, in-depth study of the definition of the object of the crime, status, in sequence, and proof that crime as the object of a criminal element the need for further illustration of the final object of the crime in the elements constitute a crime That the role of the judiciary.

Keywords：  Constitute a crime   Crime Object   Judicial role

摘要 ...........................................................Ⅰ
Abstract     ...................................................Ⅱ
一、犯罪客体的含义 .............................................3
（一）从旧通说到新通说 .........................................3
（二）从社会关系论到非社会关系论............................... 4
1.对象说 .......................................................4
2.权利说 .......................................................4
3.法益说 .......................................................4

二、犯罪客体在犯罪构成中的地位................................. 5
（一）肯定说的主张 .............................................5
1.系统论 .......................................................5
2.相互依存论................................................... 6
3.综合论....................................................... 7
（二）否定说的主张 .............................................7
1.理论归属错误 .................................................7
2.二要件说 .....................................................8
3. 三要件说.....................................................8
三、犯罪客体序位概述 ...........................................10
（一）通说的观点 ...............................................10
（二）系统论的观点 .............................................11
（三）行为科学论的观点 .........................................11
四、犯罪客体在犯罪构成中的作用 .................................13
（一）犯罪客体具有规范评价作用 .................................13
（二）犯罪客体的出罪功能....................................... 13
（三）正确区分此罪与彼罪 .......................................13
（四）有助于正确量刑 ...........................................14
参考文献 .......................................................15
致谢............................................................16

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