试论中国刑事和解制度的构建

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摘   要
     刑事和解是被害人与加害人自愿进行直接商谈、协商解决刑事纠纷的一种机制。它作为刑事案件的一种新的解决方式，具有自主选择的特点，能缓和双方当事人的矛盾，刑事和解协议的达成是被害人、加害人和社会的利益的平衡，具有多赢性的特点。刑事和解与美国的辩诉交易和传统的调解相比较，有相似又有不同之处。被害人与被告人主体地位的回归，罪刑法定原则、罪责刑相适应原则绝对化向相对化的转变，多方利益的契合为刑事和解的存在提供理论依据；刑事和解符合“宽严相济”刑事政策，符合提高刑事司法效率的要求，符合构建社会主义和谐社会的需要则为其存在提供现实依据。刑事和解制度的构建要求对其适用条件、范围、阶段及和解协议的效力做出明确、原则性的规定，在我国，就是要相应扩大检察官的自由裁量权，完善刑事强制措施，改革刑事附带民事制度，建立暂缓不起诉制度，建立被害人国家救助制度，建立有效的监督机制。

关键词：刑事和解 理论依据 制度构建

Abstract
Criminal reconciliation is a mechanism that the victim and the injure person are voluntary to confer and consult with the criminal dispute directly. Having advantages as independent selectivity, relaxing the contrary of persons concerned, and winning more, it has idem and difference to the plea bargain transaction adjustment. With the return to the dominant positions of the victim and the injure person, the permission in benefits in many sides, the principle of a Legally Prescribed Punishment for a specified Crime, the transform from absolute principle to relative principle in the criminal act to be in step with each other, it supplies logical proofs to criminal reconciliation and is in line with a socialist harmonious society’s construction, the “mutual aid or help in mercy and strictness” criminal policy and the request of improving criminal judicial efficiency.  Institution construction of criminal reconciliation is requested to define its suitable condition, range, stage, and the efficacy of reconciliation agreement having principle and clearly, and is needed to expand the control over administ rative discretion, to consummates criminal coercive measures warrants, to reform the institution of criminal in connection with civil code, to build a institution of reprieve no legal prosecution and a system of nation assist for the victim and a effective supervision mechanism.　

Key words: Criminal reconciliation; Logical proofs; Institution construction

目  录
摘  要 ......................................................II
Abstract ....................................................III
前  言...................................................... 1
一、刑事和解的概念的分析.....................................1
(一)刑事和解的概念 ..........................................1
（二）刑事和解的特点........................................ 2
1．刑事和解的自主选择性 .....................................2
2．刑事和解的缓和性 .........................................2
3．刑事和解的多赢性 .........................................2
（三）刑事和解与类似概念的比较.............................. 3
1．刑事和解与辩诉交易的区别 .................................3
2．刑事和解与调解的比较..................................... 3
二、刑事和解的可行性分析 ....................................3
(一)刑事和解的理论依据 ......................................3
1.被害人与被告人主体地位的回归 ..............................4
2.罪刑法定原则、罪行相适应原则的绝对化向相对化的转变........ 4
3.刑事和解是多方利益的契合 ..................................4
（二）刑事和解的现实依据 ....................................5
1.“宽严相济”的刑事政策为刑事和解提供了现实依据 ............5
2.刑事和解是提高司法效率的要求 ..............................5
3.刑事和解符合构建社会主义和谐社会的内在要求................ 6
三、关于构建我国刑事和解制度的构想 ..........................6
（一）构建我国刑事和解制度的基本问题分析 ....................6
1.适用条件.................................................. 6
2.适用范围 ..................................................7
3.适用阶段 ..................................................8
4.刑事和解的法律效力 ........................................9
（二）与刑事和解相应的配套措施 ..............................9
1.扩大检察机关酌定不起诉的自由裁量权 ........................9
2.完善刑事强制措施，扩大非监禁刑的适用 ......................9
3.改革刑事附带民事诉讼制度 ..................................9
4.建立暂缓不起诉制度 ........................................10
5.国家建立被害人救助制度 ....................................10
6.建立有效的监督机制 ........................................10
结语 ........................................................10
参考文献 ....................................................12
致  谢 ......................................................13

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