论侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人的权利保障

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摘   要
     保障犯罪嫌疑人的合法权利有利于更好地贯彻人权理念，规范侦查机关的执法行为，以改善我国的国际形象。目前犯罪嫌疑人在侦查阶段的权利保障方面还存在一些问题，比如不能及时获知自己的合法权利、聘请律师提供法律帮助的权利受到限制、自我辩护权不被重视、拒绝回答与案件无关的问题的权利无法落实；还有侦查机关采取强制措施不规范、刑讯逼供现象屡禁不止和非法搜查、扣押现象普遍。造成这些问题的原因有立法方面的缺陷，如犯罪嫌疑人不享有沉默权、没有确立非法证据排除规则、没有规定侦查人员的告知义务和律师的会见权、辩护权受到很多限制；还有制度设计上的不足，如预防侵权程序和侦查监督制度都存在缺陷；还有重实体、轻程序等传统法制观念的影响。完善侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人的权利保障，首先要从立法上确立犯罪嫌疑人的知情权、辩护权和沉默权，实现国内法与国际法的接轨；还要在刑事诉讼中确立司法审查制度。
关键词：犯罪嫌疑人     侦查程序     权利保障

Abstract
Protecting criminal’s legitimate right helps to implement the concept of human rights, and standardize the law enforcement on investigation authorities, and it also helps to improve China's international image. At present there are still some problems on the rights protection of suspects in the investigation stage, such as the suspects are not timely informed of their legitimate rights, their rights of hiring a lawyer to provide legal help are limited and the rights to self-defence are disconsidered, also the rights to refuse to answer questions unrelated to the case cannot be implemented. Besides, the coercive measures taken by investigation authorities are not standardized, also the phenomenon of torture, illegal search and seizure is widespread. These problems have been due to many reasons. Legislative has shortcomings, such as criminal suspects do not enjoy the Right to Remain Silent, evidence of illegal exclusionary rule is not established, investigators’ obligation to inform are not   ordained, right to counsel for the meeting and to a defence subject are restricted . There also have shortcomings in the system design, Such as the prevention of infringement procedures and surveillance system have flaws, and effected by other traditional legal concept as regarding entities, disregarding procedures. Improve the investigation stage criminal suspects the right to protection, first of all It should establishes the suspect's right to know, to defence and to Remain Silent in the legislative and domestic and international laws should be putted through. Otherwise system of judicial review will be established.
Key words:  criminal suspect；the procedure of investigation；right guarantee

目   录
摘   要 ......................................................III
Abstract .....................................................IV
引言 ........................................................1
一、犯罪嫌疑人权利保障的理论基础及现实意义 ...................2
二、犯罪嫌疑人权利保障存在的主要问题 .........................2
（二）强制措施使用不规范 .....................................3
（三）聘请律师提供法律帮助的权利受到限制 .....................4
（四）自我辩护权不被重视 .....................................5
（五）拒绝回答与案件无关的问题的权利无法落实 .................5
（六）刑讯逼供现象屡禁不止................................... 5
（七）非法搜查和扣押现象普遍 .................................6
三、侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人权利得不到保障的原因................... 6
（一）立法上的失衡与缺位..................................... 6
1.犯罪嫌疑人不享有沉默权..................................... 6
2.没有确立非法证据排除规则 ...................................6
3.没有规定侦查人员的告知义务 .................................7
4.律师的会见权和辩护权受到很多限制 ...........................7
5.国内法与国际法存在差异 .....................................7
（二）制度设计不足........................................... 7
1.预防侵权程序上的不足 .......................................7
2.侦查监督制度上的缺陷 .......................................8
（三）传统法制观念的影响..................................... 8
（四）案件数量的快速增长与侦查人员执法水平落后之间的矛盾..... 9
四、完善侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人权利保障的几点建议 .................9
（一）完善刑事诉讼立法 .......................................9
1.关于知情权................................................. 9
2.关于辩护权 .................................................10
3．关于沉默权................................................ 12
（二）确立司法审查制度 .......................................13
（三）强化人权保障意识 .......................................15
结语 ........................................................16
参考文献 .....................................................17
致谢 ........................................................18

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