矿产资源开发中环境问题的法律对策

摘  要

矿产资源是社会经济发展的重要条件，但开发利用矿产资源必须与环境保护协调发展。矿产资源开发中所引起的环境问题主要包括：对自然文化景观的破坏；对地质结构的影响；矿山的废水、废气与固体废弃物等。就中国而言，矿产开发中的环保问题产生的原因主要有采矿许可证制度本身的不完善；地方经济利益的趋势；各行政部门管理职权的混乱，缺乏协调统一等等。针对这些问题，笔者在现有法律资源背景下，提出了一系列解决措施。首先，要完善“三同时”、环境影响评价、环境资源税收等制度；其次，要加强执法监督、明确各部门职责、加强配合；再次，要加强矿山环境调查、监测以及灾害防治；最后提出了要建立多元的矿山环境治理投资机制。

关键词：矿产资源开发，环境保护，协调发展

Abstract

Mineral resource is important condition for social economy developing . but  exploitation and using of mineral resource must assort with environmental protection .These problems brought by mineral resource exploitation include destruct to nature and culture viewpoint 、influence to geologic structure；polluted  water 、polluted gas and more discarded solid coming from mineral production enterprise. For china the major reason of environmental protection problem in mineral resource exploitation is not good and lack of law and licence for exploitation mineral; and benefit tendency of local economy; confusing of management of different government department; lack of correspondeny and consistency in management  and so on; To these problems , author present a series of method to solve them in existent laws . The First , consummating there-project at same time、building relevant regulation in the evaluation to environmental influence and revenue to environmental resource; The Second , enhancing surveillance in executing the law, validating responsibility and cooperation of different department .The Third ,enhancing investigation of mine environment、monitoring and prevention and cure to environment .At last, author put forword the method to build multi-management system to investment in mine environment renewal and build the view of continuate developing.

keywords:Mineral resource exploitation，environmental protection，corresponding developing

目   录

1  引言 ……………………………………………………………………………………1

2  矿产资源开发对环境的影响………………………………………………………2

2.1  矿产资源开发中存在的问题 …………………………………………………………2

2.2  矿产资源开发对环境的影响 …………………………………………………………3

3  矿产资源开发中环境问题的分析……………………………………………… 5

3.1  开发许可证制度的不完善　产权制度不明晰……………………………………… 5

3.2  经济利益的驱使 ………………………………………………………………………5

3.3  各行政主管部门之间缺乏配合与协调 ………………………………………………6

4  完善矿产资源开发中的环境保护法律对策……………………………………7

4.1  树立可持续发展观…………………………………………………………………… 7

4.2  完善各项制度及制度的实施 …………………………………………………………7

4.3  加强监督与配合　明确各行政部门的职责………………………………………… 8

4.4  加强矿山环境资源的调查监测和灾害防治………………………………………… 9

4.5  建立多元化的矿山环境保护机制…………………………………………………… 9

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………… 10

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11