劳动密集型产业海外拓展的现状、风险与思考——以中东地区建材行业项目为例

摘要

劳动密集型产业是我国经济的重要支柱。但随着市场经济的发展，国内外市场环境的改变，中国经济体制结构发生巨大变革，劳动密集产业如重工业、建材行业、甚至电子行业都进入到薄利时代，人员工资、土地使用等成本逐步提高，改革开放以来人口红利、内需储能也逐渐削弱。而很多企业也积极向海外扩展业务，从商品出口到技术服务到海外投资，开辟了劳动密集型产业海外转移的模式。中国劳动密集型产业的海外转移，劳动力海外就业，也成了国内剩余产能和资源的转移、疏导人力供给的重要环节。

但在此过程中，随着世界整体经济的减速，许多产业转移的目标国家经济下行，以及宗主国本土产业的发展，劳动密集型产业的海外转移也面临着前所未有的挑战，环境适应能力不足、管理水平不足等问题逐渐显现。

本文拟以多年来对国企中东项目平台的观察和分析为基础，通过分析具体案例，探索通过资源优化、改革管理等方式，以经济弱势环境下产业走活的方向和可能性，旨在为劳动密集型产业在海外的转型、发展和完善提供借鉴。

关键词：　劳动密集型产业，海外扩展

Abstract

Labor intensive industries are important parts of Chinese economy. However, with the development of the market-oriented economy and the change of market environment of both home and abroad, Chinese economy structure is undergoing an enormous transformation: labor intensive industries, like heavy industry, building materials industries and even electronic industries, are entering an age of low profit. The cost of man power and land rent are increasing, while demographic dividend decreasing and domestic market is shrinking. Many companies reached their businesses overseas, from production exportation to service and technology exportation, and finally foreign investment and establishing factories. The offshore transfer of labor intensive industries and the resulting labor overseas employment has been an important part of the digestion of China’s spare capacity and resources and labor sources.

However, with the world’s economy slowing down, many target countries of the industry offshore transfer are going downwards in their economy, along with the threatens of the native industries’ development, the offshore transferred industries are facing unprecedented challenges, and the restrictions like insufficient adaption to the environment and poor management level are showing up.

Based on the observation and analysis of the Mid-East building material projects of a Chinese state owned company, the paper will be explore the ways and possibility of rejuvenating the transferred industries  in the weakened economy environment by optimizing the resources and managements, to offer useful references to the transformation, development and perfection of the offshore transferred labor intensive industries. 

Keywords：　Labor intensive industry, offshore transfer

目录

摘要 i

Abstract ii

诚信承诺书 I

学位范文版权使用授权书 II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 文献综述 1

1.3 研究方法 2

第2章 劳动密集产业海外转移存在的问题 4

2.1 区域和经济背景 4

2.2 海外转移产业与当地经济的互相影响 4

2.3 存在的问题和分析 5

2.3.1 发展环境恶化 5

2.3.2 外部竞争日趋激烈 6

2.3.3 项目管理水平不足 6

2.3.4 国内同行的竞争 7

第3章 劳动密集产业海外拓展策略 8

3.1 加强本土化建设 8

3.2 提高管理和技术水平 8

3.3 企业重组和资源优化 9

第4章 结语 10

参考文献 11