年产4万吨邻苯二甲酸酐的工艺设计
设计说明书:
邻苯二甲酸酐是用途十分广泛的化工原料 ,主要用于增塑剂和醇酸树脂、 不饱和树脂、医药、农药生产的中间体等。近年来塑料工业的迅猛发展 ,促进了邻苯二甲酸酐生产的快速增长 ,市场上一直供不应求。增大邻苯二甲酸酐产率 ,提高反应物转化率是业内共同追求的目标。
邻二甲苯氧化由于原料价格低、供给量充裕、反应原料利用率高等优点，逐渐成为生产邻苯二甲酸酐的主要方法。因此本文是以邻二甲苯空气氧化的方法来制邻苯二甲酸酐进行设计的。
随着化工工业的快速发展，化工产品已经无所不在无处不在。因此化工设计的任务越来越重。其一，在化工生产中，通过运用化工设计方面的知识和方法，可以实现对化工厂（车间）的改建和扩建，对单元操作设备或整个装置进行生产能力标定和技术经济指标评定；对工艺流程进行评价；发现薄弱环节和不合理现象以及挖掘生产潜力等等。其二，在科学研究中，从小型实验到中试放大，以至投入工业生产，都离不开设计。从近代石油化学工业发展过程来看，科学研究工作日益占有重要地位。而要使科学研究成果转变成生产力，即实现工业化，必须把科研与设计紧密结合起来进行新工艺、新产品以及新设备等开发工作。其三，在基本建设中，设计是基本建设的首要环节，是现成施工的依据。从单个设备到全套装置，从一个小型化工厂（车间）到大型化工企业，它们在建设施工之前都必须先作好工程设计。要想建成一个质量优良、水平先进的化工装置，重要的先决条件是要有高质量、高水平的设计。提高设计的质量和速度对基本建设事业的发展起着关键性的促进作用。本范文由范文同学网(www.lunwentongxue.com)整理，更多范文，请点文档范文范文查看
总之，化工设计对新厂（车间或装置）建设，老厂改造挖潜，小试或中试装置建立都具有极其重要的作用。也可以说，设计是生产的前导，是科研成果转化为工业化大生产的必经途径。
设计标准：本设计参考了以下国家标准和规定；
a. 生产过程危险品和有害因素分类与代码（GB/T13816-1992）
b .常用危险化学的分类标准（GB13690-1992）
c. 压力容器中化学介质典型危害和爆炸危险程度分类（HGJ43-1991）
d. 工厂防火规定（GBJ16-1987）
e. 污水综合排放规定（GBJ8978）
f. 钢制压力容器（GB150）
g .管壳式换热器标准（GB151）
h. 工艺系统设备布置设计规定（HG20570）
i. 化工装置管道布置设计规定（HG/T20549）
本文主要针对邻二甲苯空气氧化制邻苯二甲酸酐的工艺流程进行了全面设计，化工工艺设计的范围包括工艺流程设计、工艺布置设计、工艺计算等设计，包括物料衡算，热量衡算，以及对其工艺流程图的绘制和简单的平面布置图的绘制；并对其主要设备列管反应器进行了计算设计选型，此外还针对其辅助设施，如：冷凝器，泵进行了热量衡算和选型。设计中由于经验的缺乏，可能设计不是足够令人满意，希望老师能够给予指出。
关键词： 邻二甲苯；邻苯二甲酸酐；氧化
A Process Design for 40,000 Tons Oxdiation of
O-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride Per Year
Instruction manual:
Phthalic Anhydride is a kind of widely used chemical raw materials, mainly used in plasticizer and alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester, medicine and the intermediates of pesticide production, etc. In recent years, the rapid development of the plastics industry, promoting the rapid growth of the production of phthalic anhydride. Demand exceeds supply in the market. Increase the yield of phthalic anhydride and improve the conversion rate of reactants is the industry's common goal.
Due to the way of O-xylene oxidation in low prices in raw material, supply of abundant, high utilization rate of reaction of raw materials, has gradually become the main method of production of phthalic anhydride. Therefore, this article is based on the method of air oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride to be designed.
Along with the chemical industry fast development, the chemical product already the omnipresent there is no place did not have. Therefore the chemical design duty is more and more heavy. First, in the chemical production, through transporting chemical industry design aspect knowledge and the method, may realize to the chemical factory (workshop) rebuilding and extension, carries on the productivity to the unit operation equipment or the entire installment to demarcate with the technology economic indicator evaluates; carries on the appraisal to the technical process; discovers the weak link and unreasonable phenomenon as well as excavation productive potential and so on. Second, in scientific research, since childhood experimental to experimental enlargement, down to the investment industrial production, all cannot leave the design. Looked from the modern times photochemistry industrial development process that, the research holds the important status day by day. But if we want cause the scientific research achievement to transform the productive forces, namely realizing industrialization, We must carry on the scientific research and design in close integration with new development work and so on craft, new product as well as new equipment. Third, in the capital construction, design is the capital construction most important link, is the ready-made construction basis. From single equipment to complete set installment, from a miniaturized factory (workshop) to large-scale petroleum chemical industry enterprise, they all must first finish the engineering design before construction. If we want to complete a good quality and advanced level chemical industry installment, the important precondition is must have a high level and high grade design. Enhancing the design’s quality and speed is the crucial promoter action to the capital construction enterprise development.
In brief, the chemical design plays an important role in the new factory (workshop or installment) construction, the old factory transformation and the small scale experimental or the medium scale experimental installment. That is, the design is a necessary route for the scientific research achievement transforms for the industrialization big production must pass through the way.
Design standard：This design has referred to below the national standard and the stipulation.
a. Production process dangerous material and harmful factor classification and code.（GB/T13816-1992）
b. Commonly used dangerous chemistry classified standard.（GB13690-1992）
c. Inpressure vessel chemistry medium model harm and explosion hazard degree classification (HGJ43-1991)
d. Factory fire protection stipulation (GBJ16-1987)
e. The sewage synthesis discharges the stipulation (GBJ8978)
f. The steel pins down the pressure vessel (GB150)
g. Shell type heat interchanger standard (GB151)
h. Craft system arrangement of equipment design stipulation (HG20570)
i. Chemical installment piping arrangement design stipulation (HG/T20549)
In this article, the way of the air oxidation of o-xylene anhydride has comprehensive designed. The chemical process design including process, layout, piping, process design calculations, the material balance and heat balance. As well as process mapping and simple mapping layout and its main reactor equipment calculated design selection. In addition to its support facilities, such as the condenser, the heat pump and selection. As a result of the lack of experience, it may be not a enough satisfactory design. I hope that the teacher could give guidance.
Key words: Phthalic Anhydride; o-Xylene ; Oxdiation
目 录
1 概述 1
1.1 邻苯二甲酸酐的生产工艺及设计意义 1
1.1.1 萘氧化法 1
1.1.2 邻二甲苯氧化法 2
1.2 邻苯二甲酸酐的性质 3
1.2.1 邻苯二甲酸酐 3
1.2.2 邻苯二甲酸酐的用途 3
1.2.3 邻苯二甲酸酐的质量指标 4
1.2.4 世界邻苯二甲酸酐概况 4
1.2.5 我国邻苯二甲酸酐的生产发展历程 7
1.3 原料的性质 7
1.3.1 邻二甲苯 7
1.3.2 进料空气 9
1.3.3 熔盐混合物 9
1.4 本设计的主要任务和目标 10
1.4.1 设计的任务 10
1.4.2 设计的目标 10
1.4.3 生产工艺条件 10
2 工艺流程设计 11
2.1 工艺路线及其基本原理 11
2.1.1 工艺路线 11
2.1.2 基本原理 11
2.2 主要化学反应 12
2.3 工艺流程叙述 13
2.3.1 氧化工段 13
2.3.2 冷凝工段 13
2.3.3 处理工段 14
2.3.4 蒸馏工段 14
2.4 生产控制说明及控制项目 14
2.5 工业安全 14
2.6 车间定员 16
3 工艺计算 17
3.1 物料衡算 17
3.1.1 原料进料量计算 17
3.1.2 进反应器的混合物组成 18
3.1.3 出反应器的混合物组成 18
3.1.4 物料衡算表 21
3.2 热量衡算 21
3.2.1 所处理的物料带到设备中去的热量 22
3.2.2 过程的热效应 22
3.2.3 反应产物由设备中带出的热量 27
3.2.4 设备向四周散失的热量 27
3.2.5 消耗在加热设备各个部件上的热量 28
4 部分设备的选型及计算 29
4.1 反应器 29
4.2 熔盐锅炉（熔盐冷却器） 30
4.3 蒸汽过热器 31
4.4 切换冷凝器 32
4.5 油冷却器 33
4.6 油加热器 34
4.7 空气鼓风机 35
4.8 主物料泵 36
4.10 静态设备一表 36
4.11 动态设备一览表 38
5 工艺流程图 40
6 车间布置设计图 41
6.1 生产车间平面布置图 41
6.2 生产车间立面布置图 41
致 谢 42
参考文献 43
附 录 45