我国商业银行信贷风险管理分析

我国商业银行信贷风险管理分析

摘要

金融是现代经济的核心，商业银行又是金融的核心。商业银行信贷风险是各种经济风险的集中体现。在现代市场经济中，经济运行高度货币化、信用化和金融化。作为金融中介的银行，以货币和信用为媒介，和经济社会中各个经济主体发生着广泛的信贷联系，所以商业银行信贷风险成为整个经济风险的中枢。目前我国商业银行的信贷风险管理水平偏低，管理手段较为落后，不良贷款率偏高，严重影响了我国商业银行的竞争能力。对此，提高我国商业银行信贷风险管理水平和管理手段显得十分必要。

本文首先介绍商业银行信贷风险的概念，通过从商业银行内外部环境分析揭示信贷风险形成的原因，指出我国信贷风险具有复杂性和独特性，找出解决商业银行信贷风险的对策。然后根据商业银行信贷业务发生的三个流程：贷前调查、贷时审查和贷后管理；提出商业银行信贷业务流程管理。在贷前调查中，通过对信贷客户信用评估，确定信贷客户的信用等级，建立信贷客户准入机制。在贷时审查中，通过合理设置，将业务拓展部门、贷款审查部门和风险控制部门，各司其职，相互制约，达到审贷分离和权责对应；同时审查贷款用途是否合理，还款来源是否有保障。在贷后管理中，通过五级分类，实时动态监管贷款情况，及时识别、防范、控制风险。通过对三个信贷流程进行从始到终的风险控制，建立商业银行信贷风险流程化管理；最终达到预防、规避、转移、化解商业银行信贷风险，从而减少不良贷款引起的损失，增强商业银行的核心竞争能力。

关键词：商业银行　信贷风险　流程管理

目       录

摘要··········································································I

1 导言········································································1 1.1问题的提出····························································1      1.1.1银行业竞争日趋激烈··············································1

1.1.2信息技术的革命··················································1

1.1.3非银行金融机构的快速发展········································2

1.2文献综述······························································3

1.2.1经济基础决定论··················································3

1.2.2经济政策和经济制度相关论········································4

1.2.3信息不对称理论··················································4

1.2.4预算软约束理论·················································5

1.2.5银行行为导致银行风险············································6

2 我国商业银行信贷风险概述及成因··············································7

2.1商业银行风险的类型····················································7

2.1.1信用风险························································7

2.1.2流动性风险······················································7

2.1.3  市场风险·······················································7

2.1.4  操作风险·······················································8

2.2我国商业银行信贷风险形成外部原因······································8

2.2.1历史方面的原因··················································8

2.2.2宏观经济政策的影响··············································9

2.2.3企业融资依赖的影响··············································9

2.2.4社会信用缺失的影响·············································10

2.3我国商业银行信贷风险形成内部原因·····································11

2.3.1经营管理水平不高···············································11

2.3.2贷款管理制度体系有待完善·······································11

2.3.3信贷操作不规范·················································11

2.3.4信贷管理中的信息不对称·········································12

3  我国商业银行信贷风险控制分析··············································13

3.1我国商业银行信贷评估风险控制分析·····································13

3.1.1  客户评价分析··················································13

3.1.2客户信用等级评定···············································18

3.1.3客户授信量分析·················································21

3.2 我国商业银行信贷审查风险控制分析·····································23

3.2.1商业银行风险管理的组织结构·····································23

3.2.2风险管理部门的设立原则·········································24

3.3根据信贷流程应对信贷风险的方法·······································24

【参考文献】··································································26