汽车液压转向试验台

范文编号:JX399  包括设计图,范文,外文翻译,范文字数:16942.页数:40

摘  要

在重型汽车转向系统中，为了减轻驾驶员的劳动强度，增加安全稳定性，广泛地应用了带有助力器的液压转向系统。汽车的工作条件是比较恶劣的，极易造成液压系统污染、元件磨损，以致产生故障。而液压系统的故障具有不易检查和排除等缺点。目前使用的检查方法主要有逻辑诊断法、铁谱技术法、加热检测法、用溢流阀检测故障法、振动测量法和参数测量法等。但逻辑诊断法要求维修人员具有较高的知识水平；铁谱技术法所使用的设备比较昂贵，不便于推广；加热检测法只能对元件进行粗略的测量；用溢流阀检测故障法容易造成误诊；振动测量法会加速元件的磨损；参数测量法是目前使用最为广泛的方法，而试验台是参数测量的常用设备，但国内使用的试验台多为性能单一的试验台，且一般为液压件生产厂商和研究所专用。为了满足液压泵和助力器的测试要求，达到快速诊断的目的，我们设计了该液压转向试验台。
本文在介绍课题研究的背景及意义的基础上，对液压试验台各零部件进行了详细的计算和校核：通过对试验台系统原理图的拟订，说明了系统的工作原理和操纵方法；通过对系统压力、流量的计算，选择了油泵、油管和阀门；通过对系统发热量的计算，确定了油箱的体积并选择了加热器和散热器；通过对泵站传动系统的设计，选择了直齿圆锥齿轮传动并校核了轴的强度。我们所设计的试验台综合了液压泵、助力器和液压阀试验台的功能，达到了一机多用的目的。本试验台采用节流加载方式符合该系统中低压、小流量的要求，测试简单、可靠。

关键词：液压转向；助力器；压力；流量；功率

Abstract
In the heavy type the automobile change direction the system, for easing the pilot's labor strength, increase a safe stability, applied to take a liquid of have the help machine to press to change direction system broadly.The work condition of the automobile is worse, resulting in the liquid press a system pollution,component to wear away easiest, with the result that the creation break down.But the liquid press the breakdown of the system to haven't easy weaknesses such as check and exclusion etc.s.The check method that uses currently has a logic diagnosis method,the iron table technique method,heat the examination method and uses to overflow to flow the valve examination to break down a method,vibration to measure the method and parameter to measure a method mainly etc..But the logic examine a patient the method request to maintain a personnel to have higher knowledge level;The equipments that the iron table technique method use is more expensive, inconvenience in expansion;Heat the examination method can carry on rough diagraph to the component;Use to overflow to flow the valve examination to break down a method to result in a misdiagnosis easily;The vibration diagraph method will accelerate a component to wear away;The parameter diagraph method is currently to use the most extensive method, but experiment set is the in common use equipments that the parameter measure, but the on trial set of the domestic usage is the on trial set of the function one much, and general press a production factory and graduate school appropriation for the liquid.For satisfying the test request that the liquid presses a pump and the help machine, attain the purpose of the fast diagnosis, we designed that liquid to press to change direction on trial set.
This text pressed an on trial pedestal each zero partses to carry on a detailed calculation and the school pit to the liquid in introducing the background of the topic research and the foundation of the meaning:Pass to draw up towards experimenting the pedestal system principle diagram, explain the work principle of the system and manipulate a method;Pass the calculation to the system pressure,discharge, choose the oil pump,pipeline and valve door;Pass the calculation to deliver the calories to system, make sure the physical volume of the fuel tank and choose heating apparatus with spread a hot machine;Pass to spread a design of move the system to the pump station, choose to keep the strength that the gear cone wheel gear spread to move to combine a school to check stalk.The on trial set that we design synthesized a liquid to press the pump,the help machine and liquid to press the function that the valve experiments a pedestal, coming to a the purpose that a machine uses much.Experiment the set adoption to reduce expenses to add to carry a way to match that system originally in low pressure,the request of the small discharge, test simple,dependable.

Keyword:The liquid presses to change direction;Help machine;Pressure;Discharge;Power

目    录 
1 前言及选题依据 1
2 试验台的主要性能指标 4
2.1 试验台的主要测试指标 4
2.2 助力器 4
3 试验台的油路系统分析 4
4 油路系统符号图 4
5 元件的选择与计算 5
5.1 主油泵的选择 5
5.1.1 计算液压泵的工作压力 5
5.1.2 计算液压泵的流量 5
5.1.3 选择主油泵 5
5.2 主油泵电机的选择 5
5.3 油管的选择 6
5.3.1 计算油管内径 6
5.3.2 选择油管 6
5.4 滤油器的选择 7
5.5 液压阀的选择 7
5.5.1 单向阀选择直通式单向阀，其技术参数如下 7
5.5.2 换向阀选择三位四通换向阀，其技术参数如下 8
5.5.3 溢流阀选择先导式溢流阀，其技术参数如下 8
5.5.4 节流阀选择手动式节流加载阀，其技术参数如下 8
5.6 仪表的选择 8
5.6.1 选择压力表 8
5.6.2 选择流量计 8
5.6.4 选择温度计 8
5.6.5 选择真空表 8
5.6.6 选择电时钟 9
5.6.7 压力表接头 9
5.7 液压油的选择 9
5.8 快换接头的选择 9
5.9 液压缸的选择 9
6 油箱的设计 9
6.1 油箱容量的设计 9
6.2 油箱形状规格的确定 10
6.2.1 油箱的形状确定 10
6.2.2 油箱的材料和结构 10
6.2.3 油箱吸、回和泄油管的设置 10
6.2.4 油箱隔板、油塞的设置 10
6.2.5 空气过滤器的选择 10
6.3 加热器的选择 11
6.4 冷却器的选择 12
6.4.1 系统发热量计算 12
6.4.2 选择冷却器并且计算冷却水的流量 13
7 系统压力损失的验算 14
7.1 局部压力损失 14
7.2 沿程压力损失 14
8 传动系统的设计计算 15
8.1 传动方案的比较与选择 15
8.2 直齿圆锥齿轮的设计 16
8.2.1 选定齿轮的精度等级、材料及齿数 16
8.2.2 按齿面接触强度设计 16
8.2.3 按齿根弯曲疲劳强度设计 18
8.2.4 齿轮的几何尺寸计算 19
8.2.5 验算 20
8.3 齿轮轴的设计 20
8.3.1 求输入轴的功率，扭矩和作用在齿面上的力 20
8.3.2 初步确定轴的最小直径 21
8.3.3 轴的扭转强度校核 21
8.3.4 弯扭合成强度校核 22
8.4 减速器箱体的设计 25
8.4.1 轴承的选用 25
8.4.2 键的选用 25
8.4.3 润滑与密封 26
8.4.4 箱体结构尺寸的确定 26
8.4.5 根据《机械设计课程设计》表4-1确定减速器零件的位置尺寸如下（单位：） 27
8.4.6 减速器附件的选择 27
9 转向助力器调试台架的设计 28
10 试验台的使用说明 28
10.1 油泵试验 28
10.1.1 测试指标 28
10.1.2 测试步骤 28
10.2 助力器试验 29
10.2.1 测试指标 29
10.2.2 测试步骤 29
11 试验验台经济性总投资的估算 29
12 结论 31
13 谢词 31
参考文献 31

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