建筑中的结构设计及建筑材料

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Structure in Design of Architecture
And Structural Material
 
 We have and the architects must deal with the spatial aspect of activity, physical, and symbolic needs in such a way that overall performance integrity is assured. Hence, he or she well wants to think of evolving a building environment as a total system of interacting and space forming subsystems. Is represents a complex challenge, and to meet it the architect will need a hierarchic design process that provides at least three levels of feedback thinking: schematic, preliminary, and final.
 
 Such a hierarchy is necessary if he or she is to avoid being confused , at conceptual stages of design thinking ,by the myriad detail issues that can distract attention from more basic considerations .In fact , we can say that an architect’s ability to distinguish the more basic form the more detailed issues is essential to his success as a designer .
 
 The object of the schematic feed back level is to generate and evaluate overall site-plan, activity-interaction, and building-configuration options .To do so the architect must be able to focus on the interaction of the basic attributes of the site context, the spatial organization, and the symbolism as determinants of physical form. This means that ,in schematic terms ,the architect may first conceive and model a building design as an organizational abstraction of essential performance-space in teractions.Then he or she may explore the overall space-form implications of the abstraction. As an actual building configuration option begins to emerge, it will be modified to include consideration for basic site conditions.

建筑中的结构设计及建筑材料
 
 建筑师必须从一种全局的角度出发去处理建筑设计中应该考虑到的实用活动，物质及象征性的需求。因此，他或他试图将有相互有关的空间形式分体系组成的总体系形成一个建筑环境。这是一种复杂的挑战，为适应这一挑战，建筑师需要有一个分阶段的设计过程，其至少要分三个“反馈”考虑阶段：方案阶段，初步设计阶段和施工图设计阶段。
 这样的分阶段涉及是必需的，它可使设计者避免受很多细节的困惑，而这些细节往往会干扰设计者的基本思路。实际上，我们可以说一个成功的建筑设计师应该具备一种从很多细节中分辨出更为基本的内容的能力。
 概念构思阶段的任务时提出和斟酌全局场地规划，活动相互作用及房屋形式方案。为实现这些，建筑师必须注意场地各部分的基本使用，空间组织，并应用象征手法确定其具体形式。这就要求建筑师首先按照基本功能和空间关系对一项建筑设计首先构思并模拟出一个抽象的建筑物，然后再对这一抽象的总体空间进行深入探究。在开始勾画具体的建筑形似时，应考虑基本的场所跳进加以修改。
 在方案阶段，如果设计者能够形象的预见所作方案的结构整体性，并要考虑施工阶段可行性及经济性，那将是非常有帮助的。这就要求建筑师或者过问工程是能够从主要分体系之间的关系而不是从构建细节去构思总体结构方案。这种能够易于反馈以改进空间形式方案。

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