简析我国商业银行信用卡业务的风险管理

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摘    要
      信用卡经过几十年的发展，在西方发达国家已经成为人们日常生活不可或缺的工具，与他们相比，我国的信用卡还处在一个刚刚起步的阶段，但是信用卡的出现改变着社会，给人们的生活带来巨大便利的同时，也有效提高了个人融资的效率，并给发卡机构、商户以及国家税收都带来了不小的收益。但是在信用卡发展的过程中面临着诸多的挑战和风险，对于信用卡相关的各个机构和个人都存在着一定程度的风险。作为一个新兴的朝阳产业，其发展的推动力主要来自于内部，但是从其对整个社会的影响来看，信用卡风险监管与防范、信用卡行业健康有序地发展并且发挥良好的社会功效还是需要政府推动的。如何有效利用其正面积极的影响推进社会信用体系的建立，如何建立健全相应的法律法规对其进行积极的扶植、如何利用信用卡支付防范非法避税以及如何加强监管力度防范可能出现的风险都是我国政府相关管理部门需要重视和探讨的话题。目前我国政府对于信用卡行业的重视已经提高到了一定的高度，多部信用卡相关的法律法规正在起草完善中，个人信用信息数据库已经投入使用。但是法律法规的相对滞后、信用体系还不完善都会引起信用卡行业风险的积累，是对政府如何采取有效的措施加强信用卡风险监管的挑战。直面问题，深入挖掘其原因并采取积极的措施进行改善是政府不可推卸的责任。

关键词：信用卡；风险；监管

Abstract
 After several decades of development，credit cards in the western countries have become indispensable tools for people's daily life. Compared with them, China's credit card industry is at a start-stage, but credit cards are changing the society, bringing great convenience to people's lives, they are also effective in improving the efficiency of individual financing, and bring profit to credit card issuers, merchants and the state. But in the course of development of the credit cards face a host of challenges and risks. For credit card-related organizations and individuals there is a degree of risk. As a new sunrise industry, mainly from the internal driving force for its development. But concern their impact on society, the government needs to play a good role to defend credit card risks and drive the credit card industry develop healthy and orderly. The government should pay attention to such topics as how to make effective use of credit card industry’s positive impact on promoting the establishment of a social credit system, how to establish and perfect relevant laws and regulations for credit transactions, how to guard against illegal use of credit cards for payment and how to strengthen supervision over the risks occurred by credit card transaction. Currently, the government has increased the importance for the credit card industry to a certain height, more than being drafted to improve the laws and regulations related to credit card, personal credit information database has been put into use. But laws and regulations are relatively stagnant. Credit card risks are ambulance continuously. Facing the problem straightly and take positive measures to improve are responsibilities of the government which can not shirk.

Keywords：credit card;risk;regulatory

目    录
摘    要 .................................................................I
Abstract................................................................. II
1  绪    论 ..............................................................1
1.1  研究背景 ............................................................1
1.2  研究目的和意义 ......................................................1
1.2.1  研究目的.......................................................... 1
1.2.2  研究意义 ..........................................................1
1.3  国内外研究现状 ......................................................2
1.3.1  国外研究现状...................................................... 2
1.3.2  国内研究现状...................................................... 2
1.4  研究方法和思路 ......................................................3
1.4.1  研究方法 ..........................................................3
1.4.2  研究思路 ..........................................................3
2  理论基础.............................................................. 4
2.1  信用卡及信用卡风险概述 ..............................................4
2.1.1  信用卡的定义、特点和功能 ..........................................4
2.1.2  信用卡业务的起源与发展史 ..........................................5
2.1.3  信用卡风险的类型和特征............................................ 5
2.2  相关理论的提出 ......................................................6
2.2.1  信用消费理论...................................................... 6
2.2.2  货币进化论........................................................ 7
3  信用卡业务的发展现状及存在的问题...................................... 8
3.1  信用卡业务的发展现状................................................ 8
3.1.1  国外信用卡业务的发展现状 ..........................................8
3.1.2  国内信用卡业务的发展现状.......................................... 8
3.2  信用卡风险现状分析 ..................................................9
3.2.1  信用卡市场存在的主要问题 ..........................................9
3.2.2  信用卡市场存在问题的主要原因 ......................................9
4  商业银行信用卡风险的监管、防范与化解 ..................................11
4.1  政府对信用卡风险的监管 ..............................................11
4.1.1  建立健全完善的社会信用体系........................................ 11
4.1.2  信用卡风险监管有待提高的方面 ......................................11
4.2  信用卡风险的防范与化解 ..............................................12
4.2.1  防范信用卡风险的措施 ..............................................12
4.2.2  化解信用卡风险的措施 ..............................................13
4.3  信用卡风险的管理手段................................................ 13
4.3.1  信用卡风险的回避 ..................................................13
4.3.2  信用卡风险的预防.................................................. 14
4.3.3  信用卡风险的分散.................................................. 14
4.3.4  信用卡风险的补偿 ..................................................15
结    论 .................................................................16
参考文献 .................................................................17
致    谢 .................................................................18
附    录1................................................................ 19
附    录2................................................................ 22

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