国有控股权对国有商业银行的影响----以四大国有商业银行为例

摘要

目前我国国有商业银行正处于一个重要的改革发展时期，中国银行、中国建设银行、中国工商银行相继在2006年完成了股份制改造，中国建设银行在2005年在香港上市,中国工商银行和中国银行在2006年在香港上市，最后一家中国农业银行也于2011年在香港上市。国有商业银行的改革是一个循序渐进的过程，其进行的国有商业银行股份制改革具有深刻的历史背景，它既是国有商业银行前一阶段改革的深化，也是为将来我国经济金融市场进一步国际化的铺垫。

本文通过对国有银行控股权的分析，研究国有控股权对国有商业银行的影响，并发现其中的问题。文章通过对控股权理论，产权理论的分析，以及对四大国有商业银行国有控股比例的数据比较，发现我国进行商业银行股份制改革后，国有控股权仍对四大商业银行处于绝对的控制，并存在一系列问题。目前我国国有商业银行国有股高度集中的股权结构直接影响国有银行公司治理机制作用的发挥，从而影响了我国国有商业银行绩效水平，国家仍是国有商业银行重要控制主体，这就弱化了银行自身的竞争能力和外部对其的监管。而且股权结构单一导致了资本金比例不足、不良资产比率很高、内控机制不健全等现象的出现。本文首先分析了控股权的理论特点，然后分析了我国国有商业银行控股权设置以及现状，并根据现阶段的国有商业银行控股权来发现存在的问题，根据这些问题提出正对性的对策和建议。可以通过实施股权分散化，适当减少国有控股来减少国家绝对控股权，并把持股权保持在国家能相对控制的比例即可。这样不但可以让国有商业银行政企分家提高其运营效率，还能为国家在对国企这一块庞大的支出减轻一些负担。同时培育成熟的投资者来替代国家控股的减少，以及完善资本市场发挥流通股的资金替代作用。

【关键词】：国有商业银行；控股权；国有控股；绝对控制；相对控制

Abstract

Currently the state-owned commercial banks are at a critical period of reform and development, the Bank of China, China Construction Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China have been completed in 2006 the shareholding system reform, and in the following year successfully listed in Hong Kong, Agricultural Bank of China is also the last one in 2011 listed in Hong Kong. The reform of state-owned commercial banks is a gradual process, which carried out the reform of state-owned commercial banks has profound historical background, it is both the reform of state-owned commercial banks to deepen the previous stage, but also for the future economic and financial markets further internationalization bedding.

Based on the analysis of a controlling stake in state-owned banks, state-owned controlling stake of the state-owned Commercial Banks and discover the problem. Articles by controlling theory, property rights theory analysis, as well as four state-owned commercial banks, the proportion of state-controlled data, it was found to China after the reform of commercial banks, four state-owned commercial banks still right in absolute control, and a series of problems. Currently owned shares of state-owned commercial banks highly concentrated ownership structure directly affects the state-owned banks play the role of corporate governance mechanisms, thus affecting the level of performance of state-owned commercial banks, the state is still important to control the main state-owned commercial banks, which weakened the bank's own competition its capacity and external regulation. And a single ownership structure led to inadequate capital ratio of non-performing assets ratio is high, the internal control mechanism is not perfect and so phenomenon. This paper analyzes the theoretical characteristics of a controlling stake, and analysis of China's state-owned commercial bank holding the right settings and the status quo, and in accordance with the present stage of a controlling stake in state-owned commercial banks to discover the existence of the problem, according to these questions are the countermeasures and suggestions of sexual . Through the implementation of equity diversification, appropriate reduction to reduce the state-owned holding absolute controlling stake, and holding equity in the country can maintain the relative proportion can be controlled. This will not only allow the separation of government and enterprise state-owned commercial banks to improve their operational efficiency, but also for the country in which a large state-owned enterprises to reduce the burdens expenditures. While fostering sophisticated investors to replace the state-controlled reduction, as well as improve the capital market to play the role of the outstanding shares of capital replacement.

【Keywords】：state-owned commercial banks; control; state-controlled; absolute control; relative control

目录

0.前言 1

0.1选题背景及意义 1

0.2 文献综述 1

1.相关控股权概念界定 3

1.1 控股权的定义 3

1.1.1 我国企业国有资本绝对控股权 4

1.1.2我国企业国有资本相对控制 5

1.2 企业控股权效率 6

2.国有商业银行控股权结构设置 7

2.1 国有资本对银行的控制 7

2.2国有控股权的分析 8

2.2.1国有控股权的现状 8

2.2.2国有控股权分析 8

2.3国有控制比例的选择 10

2.3.1  2011年中国银行股权比例 10

2.3.2  2011年中国农业银行股权比例 10

2.3.3  2011年中国建设银行股权比例 11

2.3.4  2011年中国工商银行股权比例 11

3.国有商业银行控股权现阶段存在的问题及改进 12

3.1国有商业银行控股权现阶段存在的问题： 12

3.2我国国有商业银行控股权结构的优化路径及对策： 14

4.结语 16

参考文献 16

致谢 17