浅析我国国有商业银行不良贷款的形成原因及应对策略

摘要

近年来，我国一直面临着严重的不良贷款问题。在经济局转型的问题中，改革金融体制防范金融风险，成为我国经济改革的重要组成部分，也是经济改革面临的重大问题。在我国当下经济发展的过程中，国有商业银行对国有企业的巨额不良贷款成为融风险的潜在因素。这对我国实体经济的健康、稳定发展构成了巨大的威胁。2012年以来，政府对于商业银行不良贷款问题出台了许多政策措施，随着信用体系的逐步完善和法律效力的强制措施，一些地域和行业的不良贷款得到解决，但是问题依然严峻。我国国有商业银行贷款在促进经济发展，稳定实体经济的发展方面有着越来越重要的地位，研究我国国有商业银行不良贷款问题成为了当下关注的焦点，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义，本文针对商业银行这一问题，在对相关资料整理的基础的基础上，结合前人的研究成果，对商业银行不良贷款的现状和影响因素进行整体上的分析，以期全面理清我国国有商业银行不良贷款存在的问题，并在此基础上进一步提出解决我国国有商业银行不良贷款的策略。

关键词   商业银行；不良贷款；影响因素；应对策略

Abstract

In recent years, China has been facing serious non-performing loans. In the issue of the transformation of the Economic Bureau, reforming the financial system to prevent financial risks has become an important part of China ’s economic reform and is also a major issue facing economic reform. In the current economic development of China, the huge non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks to state-owned enterprises have become potential factors for financing risks. This poses a huge threat to the healthy and stable development of China's real economy. Since 2012, the government has issued many policy measures on the problem of non-performing loans of commercial banks. With the gradual improvement of the credit system and the mandatory measures of legal effectiveness, some regions and industries have resolved non-performing loans, but the problem is still serious. Loans from state-owned commercial banks in our country play an increasingly important role in promoting economic development and stabilizing the development of the real economy. Studying the problem of non-performing loans in state-owned commercial banks in China has become the focus of attention today, and has important theoretical and practical significance. This issue of commercial banks, on the basis of collating relevant materials, combined with previous research results, analyzes the status quo and influencing factors of non-performing loans of commercial banks as a whole, in order to fully sort out the non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks in China Existing problems, and on this basis, further put forward strategies to solve the non-performing loans of China's state-owned commercial banks.

Key words

Commercial banks;  non-performing loans;  influencing factors; coping strategies

目录

绪论 4

一、 研究背景与研究意义 4

（一）研究背景 4

（二）研究意义 4

二、文献综述 4

三、研究方法与主要内容 6

一、 我国商业银行不良贷款的相关概念及理论概述 6

（一） 我国商业银行不良贷款的概念和分类 6

（二） 相关理论 8

1. 马克思信用理论 8

2. 金融脆弱性理论 9

3. 银行内部脆弱性理论 9

二、 我国商业银行不良贷款的现状及原因 9

（一） 我国商业银行不良贷款的现状 9

（二） 我国商业银行不良贷款的原因 14

三、 我国商业银行不良贷款管理的应对策略 16

第一，改善信贷市场环境，建立完善的信用体系，加强我国信用体系建设 16

第二，规范监管行为，完善相关制度，建成银行监管信息共享机制 17

第三，优化信贷结构，调整信贷担保 17

第四，健全信贷管理机制，严格内部控制，相互制约和相互监督 17

第五，优化不良贷款管理，增强信贷团队的综合能力 18

结论 19

参考文献 20

致 谢 22