论国民政府中央银行的组建及角色定位

内容摘要··············································································2

1中央银行产生的经济基础······················································3

1.1银行券的发行问题····························································3

1.2票据交换问题···································································3

1.3“最后贷款人”问题·····························································3

1.4金融管理问题···································································3

2.中央银行形成的的必要性·····················································4

2.1维持政府财政的需要·························································4

2.2维护金融主权的需要·························································4

2.3调剂战时金融的需要·························································4

2.4金融发展的需要·······························································4

3.中央银行的筹备和成立························································4

3.1宋子文、陈行筹备时期························································5

3.2中央银行的正式成立·························································5

3.3中央银行的制度分析·························································5

参考文献··············································································7

内 容 摘 要

中央银行是一个国家最高的货币金融管理机构，是国家金融体系的核心，在各国金融体系中居于主导地位。

近代中国，随着银行业的发展，以及国外先进银行理论知识的传入，特别是中央银行思想的传播，开始出现了自己的中央银行制度。从清末的户部银行到大清银行，再到北洋政府时期的中国银行和交通银行，或定位为中央银行，或发挥了中央银行的一些职能，但职能均不健全，南京国民政府建立后，为了改革币制，整顿金融，更为了支持财政，巩固政权，于1928年正式在上海成立了中央银行。南京国民政府的中央银行，是近代中国存在时间最长、影响最大的中央银行。而且，中央银行几乎与国民党政权在大陆的统治相始终，与这一时期的货币金融、财政税收，乃至派系斗争，都有着密切关系。

从1928年到1937年的抗日战争爆发前这一时期，是国民政府中央银行创立并取得快速发展的上升阶段。中央银行的业务部门，由简到繁；中央银行的分支机构，由少到多；中央银行的实力及其在金融市场中的地位，突飞猛进。中央银行的主要职能，在这一时期则取得了程度不同的发展。其中，作为“政府的银行”，中央银行在代理国库、经理内外债等为政府财政提供服务方面，成效最为显著，职能也较为健全。作为“发行的银行”，中央银行在这一时期的币制改革中发挥了重要作用，货币发行取得了令人瞩目的成就，并为统一发行奠定了一定基础，但是，独享发行权的目标未能实现，统一发行的职能终未完成。作为“银行的银行”，本应是中央银行最重要的职能，但由于各种因素限制，中央银行在这一方面泛善可陈，职能最不完善。

关键词：中央银行 国民政府 宋子文 上海资本家 蒋介石 上海银行界 财务部长 新条例 兑换券