公司欺诈交易法

中文字数:2399,中文页数:03 英文字数:1987页数:06

   统一欺诈性产权转让法案于1918年被统一州法委员会颁布。法案已在25个司法管辖区通过，包括美属维尔京群岛。它涉及到破产法、1938年破产改革法和1978年处理欺诈性转让中的一些内容。统一法的编纂较多地继承了伊丽莎白13号法令。在美国的管辖范围内，以法案形式出现的欺诈性产权转让法，无论其通过或未通过，都是法律的一部分。因为意图阻碍、延误或欺诈债权人是一主观要件，很少能找到直接证据，所以多为法院依据法律规定推定为欺诈行为。鉴于这些规定的差别很大，立法委员会尽量减少或消除多样性。债权人提供证据证明某些事实，将这些间接证据组合起来，再最后推定行为是否具有欺诈性。只有存在这样的证据，在无相反证据的情况下，就证明欺诈存在，而不论债务人的实际意图如何。统一法是一项重要的改革。这次会议是在1979年说服国会任命一个委员会进行研究的基础上起草的。这次会议受以下因素的影响：

The Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act was promulgated by the Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1918. The Act has been adopted in 25 jurisdictions, including the Virgin Islands. it has also been adopted in the sections of the Bankruptcy Act of 1938 and the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 that deal with fraudulent transfers and obligations. The Uniform Act was a codification of the “better” decisions applying the Statute of 13 Elizabeth. The English statute was enacted in some form in many states, but, whether or not so enacted, the voidability of fraudulent transfer was part of the law of every American jurisdiction. Since the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors is seldom susceptible of direct proof, courts have relied on badges of fraud. The weight given these badges varied greatly from jurisdiction, and the Conference sought to minimize or eliminate the diversity by providing that proof of certain fac combinations would conclusively establish fraud. In the absence of evidence of the existence of such facts, proof of a fraudulent transfer was to depend on evidence of actual intent. An important reform effected by the Uniform Act was the elimination of any requirement that a creditor have obtained a judgment or execution returned unsatisfied before bringing an action to avoid a transfer as fraudulent.

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