一种改进的离子交换膜用于纯化污水含有不同阴离子.预处理前海水淡化

中文字数:2363,  英文字数:2000

A modified anion-exchange membrane applied to purification of effluent containing different anions. Pre-treatment before desalination
一种改进的离子交换膜用于纯化污水含有不同阴离子.预处理前海水淡化

 摘要
 以前的作品已经作出关于改善选择性的离子交换膜使用有机macrocation adsorbant表面的材料.形成一层光滑的表面上的离子交换膜发挥作用的屏障比价态离子的高.修改表面材料的情况下，离子交换膜的亲水关注/疏水平衡性能及其与水化状态.从这一目标，一个阴离子交换膜已被修改的吸附支聚乙烯亚胺.这一修改许可证，实现分离和浓度的硫酸，硝酸和盐酸酸的酸性废水而被拒绝一般在海中，并可能影响其效率的海水淡化过程.低选择性得到实现SO42–的阴离子允许分离硝酸盐和氯化物阴离子电渗析.商业阴离子交换膜糖赞成转让单价氨基酸.转移的后续三个氨基酸序列硝酸>盐酸>硫酸.然而，增加浓度的初步酸导致其减少阳极室.这是因为泄漏的质子在相反方向的阴离子.修改阴离子交换膜导致减少转让价阴离子，从而酸度.另一方面，高浓度的酸，低转移一些阴离子.
 关键词：聚乙烯亚胺;阴离子交换膜;选择性

Abstract
Previous works have been made on the improvement of selectivity of ion-exchange membranes using organic macrocation adsorbant on the surface of the materials. The formation of a smooth layer on the surface of an ionexchange membrane plays a role of a repulsive barrier towards ions of high valences. The modification of the surface material in the case of an anion-exchange membrane concerns the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance properties and its relationship with the hydration state. Starting from this goal, an anion-exchange membrane has been modified by adsorption of branched polyethyleneimine. This modification permits to achieve separation and concentration of sulfuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids from acidic effluents which are rejected generally in the sea and may affect the efficiency of the desalination process. The low selectivity obtained towards SO42– anion allowed separation with nitrate and chloride anions in electrodialysis. A commercial anion-exchange membrane ARA favoured the transfer of monovalent acids. The transference of the three acids follow the sequence HNO3 > HCl > H2SO4.However, an increase of concentration of the initial acid leads to its decrease in an anodic compartment. This is due to a leakage of protons in the opposite direction of anions. The modification of the anion-exchange membrane leads to a reduction of transfer of divalent anions and thus to acidity. On the other hand, the higher the concentration of acid, the lower the transference number of anions.
Keywords: Polyethyleneimine; Anion-exchange membrane; Selectivity

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