锅炉汽包自动调节系统的设计

范文编号:RN044  范文字数:11585,页数:28

范文题目：锅炉汽包自动调节系统设计
摘　要
 在锅炉运行中，水位是一个很重要的参数。若水位过高，则会影响汽水分离的效果，使用气设备发生故障；而水位过低，则会破坏汽水循环，严重时导致锅炉爆炸。同时高性能的锅炉产生的蒸汽流量很大，而汽包的体积相对来说较小，所以锅炉水位控制显得非常重要。锅炉水位自动控制的任务，就是控制给水流量，使其与蒸发量保持平衡，维持汽包内水位在允许的范围内变化，是保证汽轮机和锅炉安全运行的重要条件。
 本文通过了解了锅炉汽包水位控制的现状和控制策略，其经典汽包水位控制策略包括单冲量、双冲量和三冲量控制。由于单冲量、双冲量及单级三冲量控制策略比较简单，并且难以适应现代各种复杂锅炉的控制要求，目前各种锅炉汽包水位控制绝大多数采用三冲量水位控制策略，本文仅对三冲量串级控制策略进行详细分析。并具体分析其动、静特性的基础上从单冲量控制到双冲量控制最后到三冲量控制的设计方案中择优选择了“三冲量”控制，并对在PID的参数整定也进行了必要的分析，解析了各种控制方案设计存在的优缺点，说明了实现应用中需要注意的问题，在此基础上，对水位控制的最新技术也进行了探讨。
 
 
 关 键 词：锅炉汽包；动态特性； 水位控制；三冲量控制系统；PID；
 
 
 范文类型：应用研究
 

 
 
 Title: Boiler Drum automatic adjustment system design
ABSTRACT
 In the boiler operation, the water level is a very important parameter. If the water level is too high, it will affect the separation of the effect of soft drinks, the use of gas equipment failure; while the water level is too low, it will undermine the soft cycle, in severe cases lead to boiler explosion. At the same time high-performance boiler steam flow generated by large, while the drum volume is relatively small, so the boiler water level control is very important. Boiler water level automatic control task is to control water flow to maintain a balance with the evaporation to maintain the water level inside the drum to the extent permitted change is to ensure safe operation of steam turbines and boilers important condition.
 In this paper, to understand the boiler drum water level control, status and control strategy, its classic drum water level control strategy, including a single impulse, impulse, and three pairs of impulse control. As a single impulse, double-impulse and single-stage three impulse control strategy is relatively simple, and difficult to adapt to the modern complex control requirements of the boiler, the boiler drum water level control of current majority of three-level impulse control strategy, this article only three impulse cascade control strategy for detailed analysis. And specific analysis of the dynamic and static features based on the volume control from a single impulse to the pairs of impulse control impulse control and finally to three designs selected in the selection of the best "three-impulse" control, and the PID parameter tuning also carried out the necessary analysis of , analysis of the various control design advantages and disadvantages exist to illustrate the realization of applications that need attention, in this based on the latest technology for water level control is also discussed.
 
 KEY WORDS: Boiler drum; Dynamic; Water level control; Three impulse control systems；PID

 TYPE OF THESIS: Application

目  录
摘　要 I
ABSTRACT III
目  录 V
1 绪论 9
1.1 自动控制理论的发展 9
1.1.1 “经典控制理论”阶段 9
1.1.2 “现代控制理论”阶段 9
1.1.3 “大系统理论和先进控制理论”阶段 10
1.2 控制系统的发展 10
2 汽包锅炉 11
2.1 汽包锅炉简介 11
2.2 影响水位的因素 12
2.3 调节过程 12
3 汽包水位调节对象的特性 13
3.1 水位对象静态特性分析 13
3.2 汽包水位在给水流量作用下的动态特性 13
3.3 汽包水位在蒸汽流量扰动下的动态特性 15
4 方案的选择与设计 18
4.1 几种调节系统的比较 18
4.2 三冲量水位调节系统的分析 20
4.2.1 三冲量水位调节系统的基本特性 20
4.2.2 蒸汽流量分流系数的选择 22
5 汽包水位调节系统的投运和整定 24
5.1 汽包水位调节系统的投运准备 24
5.1.1 主要对象是关键设备的特性试验 24
5.1.2 水位变送器量程的选择 27
5.1.3 调节系统投运前的检查 27
5.2 汽包水位调节系统的投运 28
5.3 汽包水位调节系统的参数整定 28
6 结论 30
7 结束语 31
参考文献 32

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