涂尔干的社会学理论对中国和谐社会建设的启示

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摘要
  本课题从集体意识和社会失范、社会团结和职业群体三个方面对涂尔干的社会整和理论进行探讨，分析其社会整和理论和和谐社会构建的内在联系，从而得出其社会整和理论对我们构建和谐社会的启示。涂尔干认为集体意识就是社会成员平均具有的信仰和感强的总和，构成了他们自身明确的生活体系；而社会失范是指当社会变迁剧烈时，旧的规范不适用了，新的规范又未建立起来，或者是某种规范功能发挥受到阻碍，或者是几种规范体系相互冲突，从而使人们失去了行为的规范和准则，也就是说社会对个人的控制作用被严重地削弱；社会团结是指将个体结合在一起而形成社会的纽带，是建立在共同的情感、道德、信仰或价值基础上的个体之间以及群体之间以结合或吸引为特征的联系状态，正是靠着这种联系，社会才能完整的存在并获得独立生命；那些从事同一工业生产，单独聚集和组织起来的人们认识到自己的职业活动的功能，由此形成的群体就是职业群体。笔者认为涂尔干的社会团结理论对进一步完善“和谐社会”概念具有启发意义，也为和谐社会奠定了理论基础；而他提出的职业群体和职业伦理建设的思想，则对我们认识构建和谐社会具有启发意义。
关键词：涂尔干 集体意识 社会团结 职业群体 和谐社会

Abstract
This article discusses Durkheim's social integrity theory from the collective consciousness, social anomie, social solidarity and corporations. Then discussing the internal relations between his social integrity theory and building harmonious society, and drawing enlightens to building harmonious society from his theory. Durkheim think that the collective consciousness is sum of average belief and emotion of the social member, which formed their own life system; Social anomie is that social member lose the code of conduct and guidelines when social change is accelerating, The old norms have not applicator but the news are not formed. The control of society to the individual is serious weakened; The social solidarity refers to the link of unifying the individuals together to forms a society, it is a contact state that between the individuals as well as the community and take unify or the attraction as the characteristic, which established in the basis of the common emotion, the morals, the beliefs or the values. Relying on this contact, the society can exist completely and obtains the independent life; the people, these engaged in the identical industrial production, who gathers and organizes to realize the function of their own occupation, the community which from this forms is called corporation. This article think that Durkeim's social solidarity theory is instructive to further perfect the concept of Harmonious society, and also lay the theoretical foundation for building harmonious society; And his thought of corporation and corporation ethic is instructive to understand building harmonious society.
Key words: Durkheim；collective conciseness；social solidarity；corporation ；Harmonious society

目     录
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Abstract……………………………………………………………Ⅲ
引言………………………………………………………………………1
一、涂尔干的社会整合思想………………………………………………3
（一）集体意识和社会失范理论……………………………………………3
1.集体意识……………………………………………………………………………………3
2.社会失范……………………………………………………………………………………3
（二）社会团结理论……………………………………………………………4
1.社会团结的含义……………………………………………………………………………4
2.机械团结……………………………………………………………………………………5
3.有机团结……………………………………………………………………………………5
（三）职业群体理论……………………………………………………………6
二、涂尔干的社会整合理论与构建和谐社会……………………………8
（一）构建利益均衡的和谐社会………………………………………………8
1.建设职业群体，促进各个社会阶层的整合………………………………………………8
2.建设各个群体、阶层的利益表达制度 ……………………………………………………8
(二)加强和谐社会的精神基础建设…………………………………………9
三、结语……………………………………………………………11
参考文献…………………………………………………………………12
致谢………………………………………………………………………13

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