杏鲍菇60Co-γ射线辐照诱变剂量研究

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摘要：杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii)是著名食用菌之一，因其蛋白质多糖含量丰富，并含有多种生理活性物质，深受国内外消费者的青睐，并归为我国大力推广的珍稀食用菌品种之一。其生产周期短、见效快，经济效益相对较高，近年来种植面积不断扩大。
 为了获得杏鲍菇优质高产菌株，本实验采用60Co-γ射线对杏鲍菇的孢子、菌丝、子实体三种材料进行辐照处理，观察对它们的诱变效应。通过对恢复萌发后菌丝的显微结构对比、菌落生长形态观察对比、生长速度测定、拮抗性实验等，筛选出突变菌株。
 实验结果表明，杏鲍菇菌丝的最佳剂量为500Gy左右；辐照剂量为200Gy时，孢子的致死率达70%；子实体的半致死剂量为1000Gy。通过拮抗试验和液体发酵菌丝体累积量试验，发现辐照后菌株与原始菌株比较，菌丝积累量差异并不明显，但实验结果初步确定了半致死剂量，为进一步研究杏鲍菇的诱变育种提供了理论上的依据。
 
关键词：杏鲍菇；60Co-γ射线；诱变；突变株

Study of Mutagenic Dosage of 60Co-γ Ray Irradiated on Pleurotus eryngii

Abstract：Pleurotus eryngii is under the fungi door, Pleurotus. its meat hypertrophy like abalone and with almond flavor, which was named after Pleurotus eryngii. Its proteins and polysaccharides content is very rich, and contains a variety of biological substances, is favored by consumers at home and abroad. It is one of the rare varieties of edible fungi. Its production cycle is short and cost-effectiveness is relatively high, in recent years has expanded rapidly.
 In order to obtain high-quality, high-yield strains of Pleurotus eryngii, This study using 60Co-γ-rays to radiation on the spores, mycelia, Fruitbody of Pleurotus eryngii, observation of their mutagenic effect. Use Microscope to observation the mycelium and contrast with Control group; Observation the colony morphology of growth contrast with Control group, and do antagonistic experiment to selected mutants.
 The experimental results show that best dose of the hyphae of Pleurotus eryngii is 500 Gy; In radiation dose of 200 Gy, the spores died rate is 70%; Fruitbody semi-lethal dose is 1000 Gy. Through Antagonism Testing and Liquid Fermented Mycelia Accumulation Test , found that radiation after the strains compared with the original strain, the accumulation of mycelium difference is not obvious, but preliminary results determine the semi-lethal dose for further study on the lure Pleurotus eryngii Variable breeding provided a theoretical basis.
 
Keywords：Pleurotus eryngii; γ- Rays irradiation; Induced Mutation; mutant strain

 
 目   次
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
目次…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
1前言…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1杏鲍菇概述及研究概况………………………………………………………2
1.2 珍稀食用菌的市场和发展趋势………………………………………………3
 1.3 食用菌育种方法简介…………………………………………………………4
2材料与方法…………………………………………………………………………7
 2.1实验材料………………………………………………………………………7
  2.1.1诱变材料……………………………………………………………………7
 2.1.2 培养基………………………………………………………………………7
 2.2实验方法…………………………………………………………………7
 2.2.1  菌丝培养 …………………………………………………………………7
  2.2.2  60Co-γ射线辐照处理………………………………………………………8 
 2.2.3  恢复培养…………………………………………………………………8
2.2.4  萌发后宏观微观形态观察………………………………………………8 
2.2.5  菌丝培养特性试验………………………………………………………8 
2.2.6  变异菌株筛选……………………………………………………………9
2.2.7  突变菌株液体发酵菌丝体累积量试验…………………………………9
3 结果与分析………………………………………………………………………10
3.1  萌发后宏观形态特征……………………………………………………10
3.2  萌发后微观形态特征……………………………………………………14 

3.3  菌丝培养特性试验结果…………………………………………………16

 3.4  拮抗实验结果……………………………………………………………17
 3.5  发酵菌丝体累积量试验结果……………………………………………18
4讨论………………………………………………………………………………18
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………19

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