工程项目施工阶段的成本风险分析与对策

要：工程项目施工是一个受内部环境以及外部环境等多方面的因素影响，同时具有系统性及动态性的特征，正因为存在多方面的不确定性影响因素，给工程项目施工成本带来了相应的风险，再加之工程项目管理人员缺乏相应的施工成本风险管理的意识，使得工程项目施工远远达不到所期望的结果。同时，与国外发达国家相比，我国的工程项目施工阶段成本风险管理意识不强 、管理能力较低以及管理水平较差。因此，本文结合我国工程项目施工阶段成本风险管理的状况，系统地对其风险控制及对策进行了详细的分析。首先综述了成本风险管理及控制在国内外的研究状况。其次详细分析了工程项目施工阶段成本风险来源主要在于工程业主风险、项目管理者风险、承包商自身风险以及项目环境风险；成本风险控制方法主要有风险回避、风险转移、 风险自留、风险利用以及风险分散。再次在分析成本风险来源及控制方法的基础上提出了相应的风险控制措施。最后针对上述分析的情况提出了加强工程项目施工阶段成本风险管理的对策，为后期的理论研究以及工程实践提出经验参考。

关键词：  工程项目；成本风险；施工阶段；对策研究 

Abstract：Project construction are the key factors influencing a subject to the internal environment and external environment, and other aspects, also has the systematic characteristic and dynamic, it is because of the impact of various aspects of uncertainty factors, brought the corresponding risk to the project construction cost, coupled with the project management personnel lack of risk management of construction cost of the corresponding the consciousness, makes the construction of the project fell far short of the desired results. At the same time, compared with the developed countries, China's construction engineering project cost risk management consciousness is not strong, the management ability is low and the level of management is poor. Therefore, this paper combined with the risk management of construction stage of project cost of the situation of our country, the system has carried on the detailed analysis of the risk control and countermeasures. Firstly summarizes the cost of risk management and control in the domestic and foreign research status. Secondly, a detailed analysis of the engineering project construction stage cost sources of risk mainly lies in the project owners, project risk management, the Contractor's own risk and risk of project environment risk; risk control methods of cost mainly include risk avoidance, risk transfer, risk retention, risk and risk diversification by. Again based on cost and risk analysis of the source and the control method is put forward on the corresponding risk control measures. Finally, the Countermeasures for strengthening engineering project construction stage cost risk management is proposed for the analysis of the present situation, experience and reference for the later theory research and engineering practice.

Key Words： Engineering project; Cost risk; construction stage; countermeasure research

目  录

一、绪论 1

（一）研究背景及意义 1

（二）国内外研究现状 1

（三）主要研究内容 2

二、工程项目施工阶段的成本风险来源及控制方法分析 3

（一）成本风险来源分析 3

1. 工程业主风险 3

2. 相关项目管理者风险 3

3. 承包商自身风险 3

4. 项目环境风险 4

（二）成本风险控制方法 5

1. 风险回避 5

2. 风险转移 5

3. 风险自留 6

4. 风险利用 6

5. 风险分散 6

三、工程项目施工阶段的成本风险控制 7

（一）业主资信等级风险 7

（二）合同风险 7

（三）安全风险 7

（四）设备材料风险 8

（五）人员风险 8

（六）技术风险 8

（七）经济风险 8

四、加强工程项目成本风险管理的对策 10

（一）完善工程保险制度建设 10

1. 加大工程保险宣传，增强风险意识 10

2. 建立健全的相关法律制度 10

（二）强化施工企业成本风险职能 11

1. 建立专门成本风险管理机构 11

2. 提高施工人员综合素质 11

（三）建立风险管理信息系统 12

参考文献 13

附录 14