川乌的抗肿瘤研究进展

目录

一、前言··························································2

二、乌头碱毒性研究················································2

三、川乌的抗肿瘤作用··············································3

（一）抗肿瘤实验研究··············································3

1、调节基因表达····················································4

2、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡··············································4

3、诱导细胞分化··················································4

4、抑制肿瘤生产··················································4

（二）抗肿瘤临床作用·················································5

1、治疗胃癌······················································5

2、治疗肝癌······················································5

3、治疗食管癌····················································5

4、治疗骨癌······················································5

四、总结与展望····················································5

五、参考文献··················································6

前言

    川乌，正名为乌头（学名：Aconitum carmichaelii / Radix ），别名：鹅儿花、铁花、五毒；被子植物门，毛莨科，乌头属。英文名Aconite Root， 生于山地草坡或灌丛中。栽培于平地肥沃的砂质土壤，主要栽培于四川。分布于长江中下游，北至秦岭和山东东部，南至广西北部。川乌是毛莨科植物川乌的干燥块根，化学成分是双脂型二萜类生物碱，约0.4%~0.8%，包括乌头碱（Aconitine）,次乌头碱（Hypaconitine），杰斯乌头碱（Jasaconitine），异翠雀乌头碱（Lsodelphinine）等。此类生物碱毒性很大，是乌头中的主要毒性成分。经水解可以成为毒性较小的单醌类生物碱，即苯甲酸乌头胺（乌头次碱Benzoylacoine），苯甲酰次乌头碱（Benzoylhy paconine）苯甲酰新乌头胺（Benzoyl mesaconine），此类生物碱毒性仅为双酯类生物碱的百分之一到千分之一。若进一步水解则变为毒性更小或无毒的醇胺类生物碱，即乌头胺（乌头原碱A conine），新乌头胺（M esaconine），次乌头胺（H ypalonin），其毒性仅为乌头碱的两千分之一左右，此外还有其它生物碱，如去甲乌头碱（H igenaminedl-Demethylco claurine）去甲猪毛菜碱（Sal solnol sal）。[1]