英语习语非稳定性结构特征研究

范文编号:YY200   字数:4847,页数:18

Abstract

      English also has many idioms as other languages. Usually, Structural stability and semantic unity are considered as the two characters of English idioms. And the elements of English idioms can not change a little even an article. That is to say we can’t change the elements and the word order of English idioms, and can’t delete any component of it and cannot add any words to an English idiom. However, in the specific context, the structure of idiom is not always stable. In this paper the author thinks that there still exists some grammatical change such as plural form of nouns;-ed and –ing form of verbs; the third person form of verbs; genitive form of nouns; comparative and superlative forms of adjective and adverbs. As to lexical change, we can add some elements to some idioms, delete some elements of the idioms, and we can change the order of the elements of the idiom and we can dismember the elements of the idioms. Meanwhile, the meaning of idioms can also change because the grammatical and lexical change. This research can help the learners’ cognize, master and employ the idioms properly.

Key Words

English idioms; instability structure; grammatical change; lexical change; semantic change.

摘   要

     同其它发达语言一样，英语也拥有大量习语。习惯认为英语习语具有结构的稳定性和语义的整体性两大特征, 也就是说习语的结构是固定不变的, 其具体表现在构成成分间的不可替代、顺序不能颠倒或改变、不能删除或添加等词法上的稳定性以及语法上的不可分析性。但在具体语境中，英语习语的结构并非不可变化，具体表现在名词的复数形式, 动词的三人称单数形式, 动词的现在分词与动名词形式, 名词的所有格形式，形容词与副词的比较级和最高级形式等方面的语法变化以及构成成分的替代、添加、删除、位移、缩短和分散等方面的词法变化。由于习语在词法和语法上的变化, 就会或多或少地导致习语在语义上的变化。因而作者认为英语习语又具有非稳定性的一面。通过对习语结构变化的具体分析，有利于学习者更加准确的认知英语习语、掌握英语习语和应用英语习语。

关键词

英语习语;非稳定性结构;语法变化;词法变化;语义变化

Contents

Abstract.............................................................I
Key Words............................................................I
摘要.................................................................II
关键词...............................................................II
Introduction.........................................................1
I. Grammatical Change................................................3
A. Tenses and Aspects................................................3
B. Number............................................................3
C. Case..............................................................4
D. Adjectives and Adverb.............................................4
II. Lexical Change...................................................4
A. Replacement.......................................................4
B. Addition..........................................................5
C. Deletion..........................................................5
D. Position-shifting.................................................6
E. Shortening........................................................6
F. Dismembering......................................................7
III. Semantic Change.................................................7

A. Semantic Unity....................................................7
B. Figurativeness....................................................8
C. Peculiarity.......................................................9
D. Semantic Change Caused by Structural Change.......................9
Conclusion...........................................................11
Acknowledgements.....................................................12
Bibliography.........................................................13

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