浅论我国农民工的政治参与

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摘   要

    随着城市化进程的演进，农民工已经成为新兴的产业工人群体，给予农民工平等的工人身份，让其享受均等的政治参与权已是我国政治发展的必然趋势，然而在中国二元社会结构导致的城乡居民长期隔阂的背景下，由于制度缺陷、政策失当和农民工自身素质等因素的交集，农民工的政治参与长期处于边缘化困境。政治参与是农民工行使当家作主民主权利的重要途径之一，是维护其各项权益的重要保障。由于农民工身份的特殊性以及制度的缺失等原因，导致了当前农民工政治参与陷入制度化参与虚置与非制度化参与激增的困境中；这一方面加大了社会的交易费用，降低了社会运行效能，另一方面,侵蚀着政府的合法性基础,影响和谐社会的建设；在研究的基础上，从制度理论创新的视角，提出应进一步促进和完善农民工制度化政治参与生长的物质、制度、组织、社会及农民工内生能力等方面的制度创新。

关键词:农民工   政治参与非制度性参与  对策 

A Theoretical Study on the Political Participation
 of Migrant Workers 
                     
Abstract
With the evolution of the process of urbanization, migrant workers have become the emerging industrial working groups, to give them equal status of workers and enjoy the right to equal participation in political affairs of our country's political development is an inevitable trend.But under the background of the long estranged relations between urban and rural residents,which was caused by dual structure in China, the political participation of migrant workers has long been in a marginalized plight because of such factors as system defect,improper policy and migrant workers' own quality.Political participation is the migrant workers exercise their democratic rights one of the important ways, is to safeguard its rights and interests of an important guarantee. As the special status of migrant workers and the system deficiencies and other reasons,caused the political participation of ruralmigrants has fell into in a difficult position in which the institutional participation is set invain and the non-institutional participation is increasing sharply at present. On the one hand, this increases the transaction cost in the society and reduces the efficiency of the social operation and on the other hand, this erodes the valid foundation of the government and influences the construction of the harmonious society. Therefore, from the angle of the theoretical innovation of the system, this article puts foreword the system innovation such as the material conditions, system, organization, society, in-born ability of ruralmigrants and so on, in order to propel the growth of institutional political participation of ruralmigrants.  
KeyWords:migrant workers;political participation;non-institutional participation; counter measure

目  录

摘  要 Ⅲ
ABSTRACT Ⅳ
引  言 1
政治参与的概述 2
    （一）政治参与的含义 2
     （二）政治参与的方式 2
      (三）政治参与的类型 3
    （四）政治参与的作用 3
二、当前我国农民工政治参与的现状与特征  5
    （一）我国农民工政治参与的现状 5
    1.乡村：制度性参与虚置 6
    2.城市：非制度性参与扩张 7
    （二）我国农民工政治参与的特征 8
    1.政治参与边缘化  8
   2.政治冷漠与政治渴求并存 8
    3.政治参与目标认识模糊 9
   4.政治信任程度不高 10
    5.从非制度化参与向制度化参与转变 11

三、我国农民工政治参与的制约因素 12
     (一）政治参与制度方面的因素  12
   （二）政治参与成本方面的因 13
    （三）政治参与渠道方面的因素 13
   （四）政治参与知情权方面的因素 14
    （五）农民工政治素质方面的因素 15
四、改善我国农民工政治参与的对策 16
 （一）改革户籍制度，扫清制度障碍  16
   （二）政府应为农民工的政治参与提供物质保障和动力 16
    （三）拓展农民工的政治参与渠道 17
    1.建立保障农民工政治参与的法律保障体系 17
2.提高农民工的组织化程度 17
    3.整合政策和统一政策规定，破除农民工政治参与的政策屏障  18
   （四）加强信息传递，保障农民工知情权 18
    （五）逐步提高农民工的政治参与素质，降低非制度参与程度 18
结  论 20
参考文献 21
致  谢  23

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