城市化视野下的中国户籍制度改革

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摘    要
      城市化是一个国家或地区现代化的重要途径和标志，也是世界各国经济社会发展的趋势，没有城市化就不可能实现现代化。在我国现代化建设中，城市化同样是绕不开的路，而目前我国推进城市化进程的一个主要障碍就是传统的户籍管理制度。城乡分割的二元户籍制度是在特定历史条件下的制度产物，有其存在的必要性和合理性。户籍制度在特定历史时期对我国经济建设具有不可否定的历史贡献，但是，随着社会主义市场经济的发展，传统户籍制度表现出越来越明显的不适应性。从我国城市化进程的视角看，传统户籍制度已经成为我国经济社会发展的瓶颈。所以，关于改革传统户籍制度的呼声越来越高，各种关于户籍制度改革试验不断涌现。各级地方政府针对户籍制度改革的新措施和新政策纷纷出台。本文正是在这一背景下通过查阅资料、运用比较分析、归纳分析的方法，试图从城市化的角度阐述我国传统户籍制度改革的必要性和紧迫性，探讨户籍制度改革的基本思路。
本文试图从三个方面阐述中国户籍制度存在的问题和改革的基本方向。首先阐明户籍制度的历史沿革及基本特征，其次分析现行户籍制度阻碍我国城市化道路的主要表现，然后讨论在户籍制度改革问题上的几种具有代表性的模式和观点，并在此基础上提出中国户籍制度改革的基本方向。

关键词： 城市化  中国  户籍制度  改革

Abstract
Urbanization is an important way and feature of national and regional modernization, and also a trend of worldwide development of economy and society. Without urbanization, it is impossible to realize modernization. In the course of the construction of Chinese modernization, urbanization is necessary. However, at present, a major obstacle in promoting the construction of Chinese urbanization is the traditional household registration management system. Dualistic household registration system featuring the segmentation of urban and rural areas was the result of social system in the specific historical condition, with the essential and rational existence. Household registration system has made undeniable contribution to the national economic construction in a particular historical period. But with the development of the socialist market economy, the traditional household registration system showed more and more obvious maladjustment. As view form the process of Chinese urbanization, the traditional household registration system has become the bottleneck of the Chinese economic and social development. Therefore, the voices which demand reform on the traditional household registration system are getting higher and higher. Many experiments related to household registration system reform emerge consistently. New measures and new policies for the household registration system reform are introduced in succession by the local government. Just under this background , through consulting materials, the applying the method of comparative analysis and of inductive analysis, this paper attempts to elaborate the necessity and urgency of the household registration system reform from the angle of urbanization and probe the essential idea of the household registration system reform.
This paper will illustrate problems existing in Chinese household registration system and the basic direction of reform from three aspects. Firstly, we will clarify the evolutionary process and the basic characteristics of household registration system. Secondly, we will analyze in which aspect the existing household registration system hinders the Chinese urbanization, and then discusses several representative models and ideas in the household registration system reform. On this basis, we will raise the basic direction of Chinese household registration system reform.

Key words:  urbanization；China；household registration system；revolution

目        录
摘  要…………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引  言…………………………………………………………1
一、现行户籍制度存在的问题及其对城市化的影响………2
（一）户籍管理制度的历史沿革及现行户籍制度的基本特征2
1.我国户籍制度的历史沿革  …………………………………2
2.现行户籍制度的基本特征… ……………………………… 3
（二）现行户籍制度存在的问题及其对城市化的影响………4
1.现行户籍制度制约了大城市扩张和小城镇发展……………4
2.现行户籍制度导致农村人口无法享受平等待遇…………5
3.现行户籍制度导致大量劳动力滞留在农村，剩余劳动力转移受…7
二、有关现行户籍制度改革的主要观点以及具有代表性的模式分析10      
（一）主要观点……………………………………………10
1.主张废除附加在现行户籍管理制度上二元结构…………… 10
2.主张在现阶段维持现行户籍管理制度…………………… 11
（二）实践中的改革模式………………………………………12
1.郑州户籍制度改革模式…………………………………… 12
2.湖州户籍制度改革模式…………………………………… 14
三、 中国户籍制度改革的方向………………………………16
（一）从宪法上保障公民迁徙自由……………………… 16
（二）以应用计算机为途径，加快推进人口管理信息… 17
（三）大城市的发展必须更加自由……………………… 17
（四）加速小城镇建设………………………………… 17
（五）完善社会保障制度，剥离附加在户口上的利益… 18
结  论…………………………………………………………20
参考文献………………………………………………………21
致 谢…………………………………………………………22

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