地区电网无功优化运行闭环控制系统的研究与应用

摘要

电力系统及电力企业管理运行的基本目标是安全、优质、经济地向用户提供电能。电压质量是衡量电能质量的重要指标之一，为了保证电压质量，变电站要随时根据负荷波动调节电压和无功参数，这些调节措施又反过来对电网的稳定和经济运行产生影响，因此必须在电压质量和电网经济运行之间寻找平衡点，对电网的电压和无功进行优化控制。

如果单凭人工对电网电压无功进行判断操作和干预，既增加值班员的负担，又难以保证调节的合理性。地区电网此前广泛应用的基于九区图原理的变电站VQC装置虽然能保证本变电站电压和功率因数合格，但是不能有效处理全网范围内的无功优化问题。随着电网规模的扩大和负荷的增加，全网无功优化越来越受到重视，全网无功优化的实现成为必然。与此同时，我国地区电网运行的自动化水平有了很大的提高，这些都为基于计算机软件模型的电压无功优化自动控制系统的开发和应用奠定了基础。利用计算机强大的数据存储和分析计算功能，借助调度自动化系统的基础条件，通过软件实现地区电网的电压无功实时闭环控制，是一个很有实际意义的课题。

本文所实现的电压无功优化闭环控制系统AVC就是对地区电网无功优化闭环控制的一次探索性的尝试。它的目标是在电网安全稳定运行的前提下，保证电压合格，并尽可能降低网损。系统采用科学合理的算法，适合地区电网的特点，基于混杂控制思想，满足电力系统高电压水平下无功分层分区优化平衡原则，通过构建多种控制模式使得各种控制模式在空间和时间上协调配合，有效实现预期控制目标，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

关键词:地区电网;无功优化;闭环控制

Abstract

The basic goal of power system and electric power enterprise management and operation is to provide power to users with safety, high quality and economy. Voltage quality is an important indicator of power quality, in order to ensure the quality of voltage, to the substation at any time according to the fluctuation of load voltage regulation and reactive power parameters, the adjustment measures in turn on power system stability and economic operation effect, so it is necessary to find a balance point between the voltage quality and economic operation of power grid, the grid voltage and reactive power optimization control.

f the manual operation of the power grid voltage and reactive power to determine the operation and intervention, not only to increase the burden on duty, but also difficult to ensure the reasonableness of the adjustment. The VQC device based on the nine zone diagram which has been widely used in the regional power grid can guarantee the voltage and power factor of the substation, but it can not effectively deal with the problem of reactive power optimization in the whole network. With the expansion of the scale of the power grid and the increase of the load, the reactive power optimization of the whole network is paid more and more attention. At the same time, the level of automation of China's regional power grid has been greatly improved, which lays the foundation for the development and application of voltage and reactive power automatic control system based on computer software model. Using the calculate function of data storage and analysis of the computer, with the basic conditions of dispatching automation system, the software implementation of the regional power grid voltage and reactive power real-time closed-loop control, is a very meaningful topic.

In this paper, the voltage and reactive power optimization closed loop control system (AVC) is an exploratory attempt to control the reactive power optimization of regional power network. Its goal is to ensure that the voltage is qualified, and reduce the network loss as much as possible under the premise of safe and stable operation of the power grid. The scientific and reasonable system, suitable for the regional power grid, hybrid control based on the principle of balance of reactive power optimization to meet the partition layer high voltage level of power system, by constructing the multi control mode makes various control modes of coordination in space and time, effectively achieve the desired control objectives, with good economic and social benefits.

Key words: regional power network; reactive power optimization; closed loop control

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的背景、目的和意义 1

1.2 国内外无功优化的研究现状和发展 1

1.3 本章小结 3

第2章 地区电网闭环控制系统的相关算法 4

2.1 无功优化平衡原则 4

2.2 快速解耦法 4

2.3 灵敏度分析 6

2.4 九区图原理 7

2.5 超短期负荷预测 8

2.6 本章小结 11

第3章 地区电网闭环控制系统的技术方案 12

3.1 AVC的基本原理和控制方案 12

3.2 AVC的控制目标 13

3.3 区域协调的二级控制模式 14

3.4 控制策略 15

3.4.1 自动拓扑分区 15

3.4.2 建模与数据源 16

3.4.3 全网电压优化调节 16

3.4.4 全网无功优化调节 17

3.4.5 全网关口功率控制 17

3.4.6 全网自动协调控制 18

3.5 安全策略 18

3.6 AVC控制系统的控制特点 19

3.7 本章小结 20

第4章 地区电网闭环控制系统的实现 21

4.1 AVC软件体系结构 21

4.2 AVC系统架构设计 21

4.2.1 网络架构 21

4.2.2 逻辑架构 22

4.2.3 物理架构 23

4.3 系统功能架构 23

4.4 本章小结 24

第5章 地区电网闭环控制系统现场应用情况分析 25

5.1 现场应用环境概述 25

5.1.1 常州电网概况 25

5.1.2 常州电力通信网的概况 25

5.1.3 常州电力系统调度管理 25

5.1.4 常州电网调度自动化系统的概况 26

5.1.5 常州电网远动系统的现状 26

5.2 AVC系统生成 26

5.2.1 AVC控制界面 26

5.2.2 AVC遥控接口测试 39

5.3 现场控制效果分析 39

5.4 本章小结 44

第6章 总结与展望 45

6.1 闭环控制系统总结 45

6.2 闭环控制系统展望 46

参考文献 48

致谢 49