从理想到现实——试论先秦儒家与汉代儒家法律思想的差异

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摘  要
在中国法律思想史上，儒家法律思想曾经长期占据统治地位，在中国历史上造成了极深远之影响。儒家法律思想自先秦至汉代是一个从理想主义到现实主义的过程，通过对人性的思考、对待皇权的态度、对宗法意识下伦理观念的阐述以及德行关系论这四个方面，将原始儒家与汉代儒家在法律思想上的差异做以比较。这种法律思想上的演变并不是偶然的，它不但是儒家思想自身改造的必然结果，同是也是历史发展的必然要求。汉代儒学作为维护封建帝国统治的主要意识形态登上历史舞台，对后世正统法律思想在法律实践的运作和法学理论的研究方面都产生着深远的影响。

关键词：理想主义，现实主义，差异，原因

Form Idealism to Realism----the Difference between the pre-Qin Confucianist Legal Thought and that of Han Dynasty

Abstract
The Confucian law ideology had dominated for a long time and brought about profound influence on the history of Chinese legal ideology. The Confucian law ideology was a process which was from idealism to realism in pre-Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty. It compared the differences on the law ideology between the original Confucian and the Han Dynasty Confucian by thinking about the human nature, the attitude towards the imperial, the ethical definition under the patriarchal sense and the issue of the ethical and moral relationship. The evolution of law ideology is not fortuitous, and it is not only the inevitable result of the transformation on Confucian ideology, but also the inevitable requirement of the historical development. Han Confucianism as the major ideology to maintain the rule of feudal empire had been on  the stage of history, and it had brought about profound influence on the research of the operation of legal practice and legal theory of the orthodox legal ideology for future generations.

Key words：Idealism,  Realism,  Differences,  Reason

目      录
摘  要 ...............................................................II
Abstract ............................................................III
前  言................................................................ 1
一、儒家法律思想自先秦至汉代的变迁 ....................................1
二、先秦儒家与汉代儒家法律思想之比较 ..................................2
（一）对人性的思考.................................................... 3
（二）对皇权的态度 ....................................................4
1．原始儒家对皇权的态度 ...............................................5
2．汉代儒家对皇权的态度............................................... 6
（三）宗法意识下的伦理论...............................................6
（四）德刑关系论 ......................................................8
三、儒家法律思想差异产生的必然性......................................10
（一）改造的过程 .....................................................10
1．孔孟对周礼的改造...................................................10
2．荀子对孔孟思想的突破 ..............................................11
3．董仲舒的创新思维 ..................................................12
（二）历史的必然性....................................................12
四、汉代儒家法律思想对后世的影响 .....................................14
结  语............................................................... 15
参考文献............................................................. 17
致  谢 ...............................................................18

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