论罪刑法定原则的基本内涵

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摘    要

      刑法的基本原则在刑法典的制定上起着重要的作用，其中罪刑法定原则在基本原则中更是具有特殊的指导和实践意义。罪行法定原则作为法治国思想的产物，最初是自由竞争的资本主义时代个人本位观念在法律上的要求和反映，其后，经过不断的发展完善，逐渐体现了现代化法制国家对自我价值和保护社会价值的双重要求。探讨罪刑法定原则的基本内涵是贯彻罪刑法定的首要工作，罪刑法定的内涵是刑法理论中的深层次问题。罪刑法定原则的精神实质就是保障人权，扩大自由，这是罪刑法定主义原则的应有之义和深层内涵。罪刑法定原则是基于刑法的人权保障机能优先的观念提出的，没有人权保障机能优先的观念，罪刑法定原则也就失去了存在与发展的前提和意义。但与此同时，我们应当以动态的、历史的、发展的眼光来看待罪刑法定原则。罪刑法定原则不论以什么样的形式出现，它都是与特定的社会背景、历史条件等相联系呼应的，是对当时特定的政治状况、阶级斗争的反映，但是罪刑法定原则的精神实质是不会随历史的变迁而变化的，相反还会随现代文明社会的到来与发展而日臻完善.本文将针对刑法原则的特点，系统地论述罪刑法定原则产生的历史渊源、发展过程，以及国内外学者和各个流派的观点，深入分析罪刑法定原则所蕴涵的限制刑罚权的滥用、保障人权和保护社会等内在价值。
关键词：罪刑法定原则   刑罚权   保障人权   基本内涵

Abstract
The basic principle of criminal law plays an important role on the formulation of punishment code one, among them have special guidance and practise the meaning in the basic principle especially in legal principle of crime and punishment. Crime legal principle run a country result of thought as law, capitalist era personal standard in legal requirement and reflection idea of free competition at first, thereafter, through constant development being complete, have reflected the modernized state with an adequate legal system to the self-value and protected the double requirement for social value gradually. It is to carry out the legal primary work of crime and punishment to probe into the legal basic intension of the principle of crime and punishment, the legal intension of crime and punishment is a profound question in the criminal law theory. The spiritual essence of the legal principle of crime and punishment is to ensure human rights, expand freedom, this is justice that there should be of a legal doctrine principle of crime and punishment and deep intension. The legal principle of crime and punishment was put forward by the idea based on that the human rights of criminal law ensures the function to have priority, without idea that human rights ensures the function to have priority, the legal principle of crime and punishment has just lost prerequisite and meaning had and developed. But meanwhile, we should treat the legal principle of crime and punishment with the eyes of dynamic, history, development. The legal principle of crime and punishment no matter by what kind of form appears, it has contacts with particular social background, historical condition,etc. to echo, it is to political state, reflection of the class struggle at that time and particular, but the spiritual essence of the legal principle of crime and punishment would not change with changes of history, it will also be becoming better and approaching perfection day by day with arrival and development of the modern civilized society to be opposite. This text will direct against the characteristic of the criminal law principle, will describe historical origin, evolution that the legal principle of crime and punishment will be produced systematically, and domestic and international scholar and view of each school, analyse in depth inherent value such as the abuse of restriction penalty right that the legal principle of crime and punishment contains, ensuring human rights and protecting the society.
Key words: Principle of legality, Penalty right, Protection of human rights,   Basic content

目  录
摘  要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引言…………………………………………………………………………………1
一、罪刑法定原则产生的历史渊源………………………………………1

（一）罪刑法定原则的产生…………………………………………………1

（二）罪刑法定原则在我国的发展………………………………………2
1．建国前的历史沿革…………………………………………………………………2
2．建国后该原则的确立………………………………………………………………2
二、罪刑法定原则的内容……………………………………………………2
(一)成文法的明确性………………………………………………………2
(二)禁止类推……………………………………………………………………3
(三)禁止适用事后法……………………………………………………………3
(四)刑罚的适当性………………………………………………………………3

(五)排斥习惯法的适用……………………………………………4
(六)禁止绝对的不确定刑…………………………………………………4
罪行法定原则的价值蕴涵……………………………………………4
(一)保障人权……………………………………………………………………4
1．追求自由…………………………………………………………………………4
2．保障人权…………………………………………………………………………5
(二)限制刑罚权…………………………………………………………………6
1．禁止不人道、残酷的刑罚…………………………………………………6
2．限制国家刑罚权的滥用…………………………………………………6
(三)保护社会……………………………………………………………………7
结论…………………………………………………………………………9
参考文献………………………………………………………………………11
致 谢 …………………………………………………………………………12

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