论自首

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摘    要
      自首制度在我国有着悠久的历史，我国从古到今无论是在司法还是立法上都对这一制度给予高度的重视，因而这一制度也被认为是中华法系的特色制度。我国现行的自首制度是在九七刑法中规定的，是惩办与宽大相结合的基本刑事政策的具体化、法律化。现行自首制度在感召、敦促犯罪人认罪投诚、悔过自新、自我改造以及节约国家司法资源、提高司法效率、避免累及无辜等方面，均具有积极功效。但是在制定新刑法之前法律中关于自首制度的规定就有许多疑惑和问题，这些问题并没有得到妥善解决。在新刑法中对自首制度的规定又几乎是全新的，加上对自首相关制度作了比较大的调整使。这就出现了老问题还没解决又出现新问题的情况，因此在这里对自首制度再次进行进一步研究使其更加适应新的法律现象有着重要的现实意义。

关键词    自首    成立要件   立法完善

Studies on the system of voluntary surrender
Abstract
Surrendered system has a long history in our country,which china give the high attention this system regardless of from ancient to present in the judicature or legislates,thus this system was also considered that is the Chinese legal system characteristic system.Our country present surrenders system is stipulated in 97 criminal law, that was the punishment combined with the leniency of which the farmal and specifical of basic policies. Surrendered in the existing system has a positive effect in urging the perpetrators to plead guilty defectors, repenting and starting anew, self-remolding as well as saves the national judicature resources, raising the judicial efficiency, avoiding implicating the innocent and so on .But there is so many doubts and the question were not been solved properly in the law about surrenders system's stipulation bofore formulating the new criminal law. It has a big adjustmen to the In the new criminal law system and the provisions are almost brand new. In this case, the old problems were not been solved and new issues were appeared, so it has important practical significance to have a further research on surrender system once again to make it more adapt to the new legal phenomenon.

Key Words:    Voluntary surrender;  Establishment essentials;
perfecting the legislation

目    录
摘要 ......................................................Ⅲ
Abstract ................................................. Ⅳ
第一章自首制度概述 ........................................1
1.1、中国自首制度的历史沿革............................... 1
1.1.1、中国自首制度的起源................................. 1
1.1.2、我国近代自首制度的发展 .............................3
1.2、自首制度理论基础..................................... 4
第二章  自首制度的概念、本质及成立条件.................... 6
2.1、自首制度的概念、本质及意义........................... 6
2.1.1、自首制度的概念 .....................................6
2.1.2、自首制度的本质..................................... 6
2.1.3、自首的意义......................................... 7
2.2、自首制度的成立条件 ...................................7
2.2.1、一般自首 ...........................................7
2.2.2、一般自首的疑难问题 .................................8
2.2.3、余罪自首的成立要件................................. 9
2.2.4、特别自首的成立要件 .................................11
第三章   自首犯的处罚及法律适用........................... 12
3.1、对自首犯从宽处罚的根据 ...............................12
3.2、自首犯的处罚规定及其适用............................. 13
3.2.1、现行刑法典对自首犯的处罚规定 .......................13
3.2.2、自首犯处罚规定的理解与适用......................... 13
第四章   我国自首制度存在的争议及完善 .....................15
   4.1、是否应该将“悔罪动机”规定为自首的必备条件 ........15
4.2、应该增设坦白制度......................................15
结束语.................................................... 17
参考文献.................................................. 18
致谢 ......................................................19

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