销售人员“赊购”彩票犯罪的法律分析

目  录

引言

一、当前对彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的不同意见························2

（一）理论界对彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的不同意见····················3

1.该行为构成合同诈骗罪·············································3

2.该行为构成挪用资金罪·············································3

3.该行为构成侵占罪·················································4

4.该行为不构成犯罪·················································4

（二）司法实践中将彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为认定为挪用资金罪·········4

二、彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的要件分析·····························5

（一）彩票销售人员主体身份·········································5

1.彩票销售协议的性质···············································7

2.彩票销售人员与福彩中心的法律关系·································7

3.彩票销售人员的主体身份···········································8

（二）赊买彩票行为客观方面·········································8

（三）彩票销售人员的主观目的·······································9

（四）赊买彩票行为侵犯的客体·······································9

三、美国法律对此类行为的规定······································10

（一）美国对彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的法律规定····················10

（二）美国彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的司法实践······················11

1.彩票销售人员与彩票发行公司间的关系······························11

2.彩票销售人员的行为定性··········································13

四、对此类行为的规制建议··········································14

（一）完善刑法立法，增加彩票类犯罪································14

（二）加强彩票行业制度建设········································15

1.出台专门规制彩票业的《彩票法》···································15

2.完善准入机制，加强对彩票销售款项的实时监督······················15

3.改革彩票业监管体制··············································16

结语······························································16

参考文献··························································17

引言

彩票产业是现代社会经济的重要组成部分，自1987年中国官方正式批准彩票公开发行以来，彩票行业蓬勃发展。当然，其中也有很多问题，比如彩票销售人员经常借助彩票投注站的管理便利，不缴纳彩票投注金而赊买彩票，希望用获奖所得的奖金来填补彩票投注金这一空白，却未能如愿中奖而拖欠了巨额彩票投注金，受到了法律的制裁。关于这一行为如何定性，理论界一度非常关注，焦点在于侵占罪、合同欺诈罪、挪用公款等，但在司法实践中往往将彩票销售人员的行为定性为挪用资金罪。作者使用了案例分析的方法，分析每个案例的要件基础上，认为从彩票销售人员赊买彩票这种行为模式分析，其不完全符合挪用资金罪的全部构成要件，因此不能构成挪用资金罪。但从现行刑法框架下，相关的合同诈骗罪、侵占罪等也不能完美定性该的犯罪行为，依照刑法定的原则，在现行刑法中应当考虑这种行为的无罪。但考虑到销售人员赊买彩票的这种行为不仅直接损害了彩票销售款的使用权，而且严重扰乱了彩票市场的销售管理秩序，有很大的社会危害性，应该受到刑法的干预。在参考外国法律对彩票销售人员赊买彩票行为的定性的经验下，作者建议在刑法中增加彩票类立法，规定彩票销售人员的不法行为，另一方面，也要加强行业自律，提高彩票行业的制度建设，希望为彩票市场的稳定性提出一些建议。