完善国家赔偿制度的几点思考

完善国家赔偿制度的几点思考

摘  要

国家赔偿制度是国家民主法治建设的重要标志。我国《国家赔偿法》自颁布实施以来,对保障公民的宪法权利、监督国家行政机关和司法机关依法行使职权发挥了巨大的作用。但同时也暴露出种种程序缺陷,主要包括申诉程序形同虚设,先行处理程序是与虎谋皮,赔偿委员会决定程序不公平,没有针对拒不履行赔偿决定的行为作出惩罚性规定,等等。这些立法上的不足与缺陷导致司法实务中出现了国家赔偿案件确认难、申诉难、立案难、审理和执行难。这些问题和现象不仅严重制约和影响了国家赔偿法的实施,而且还极大地挫伤了广大民众对建立国家赔偿制度的信心。本篇文章就怎样完善国家赔偿制度进行了分析，首先阐述了我国赔偿制度的现状与问题。然后针对这些问题提出了解决对策。

关键词：完善；国家赔偿制度；赔偿原则

Several thinking to improve the system of state compensation

Abstract

The national compensation system is an important symbol of national democratic rule of law construction. Since the national compensation law enacted in our country, to guarantee citizens' constitutional rights, supervise the state administrative departments and judicial organs exercise their functions and powers in accordance with law has played a huge role. But also exposed various bugs, mainly including the grievance procedures can be evaded, advance handler is tightly sealed, unfair compensation commission decision procedure, not for refuses decision behavior of punitive compensation rules, and so on. Insufficient and defect in the legislation in judicial practice in the state compensation cases confirmed, complaint, filing, trial and execution. These problems and phenomena not only seriously restrict and affect the implementation of the state compensation law, but also greatly dampened the public confidence in the establishment of national compensation system. This article on how to improve the system of state compensation are analyzed, and the first expounds the present situation and problems of the compensation system of our country. And then put forward the countermeasures to solve these problems. 

Key words:  Perfect; National compensation system; principle of indemnity

目    录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

一、国家赔偿制度的简述 1

（一）国家赔偿制度的概念 1

（二）国家赔偿制度的性质 1

（三）国家赔偿制度的理论基础——人权理论 2

（四）国家赔偿制度的必要性 2

二、我国国家赔偿制度的现状 3

（一）我国国家赔偿制度的主要内容 3

（二）我国国家赔偿制度实施现状 3

三、我国国家赔偿制度存在的问题及原因 4

（一）观念上的根深蒂固 4

（二）国家赔偿制度本身存在的立法缺陷 4

四、完善我国国家赔偿制度的对策 5

（一）观念上的转变 5

1.增强执法人员的公仆意识和法治观念 5

2.增强公民的权利意识和民主观念 6

（二）立法上的完善 6

1.归责原则应该是一个多元化的体系 6

2.精神损害赔偿纳入国家赔偿的范围 6

3.赔偿程序要简化、公正 7

结束语 7

参考文献 8