浅论刑事诉讼中的证据关联性

摘要

证据关联性问题在我国己经被讨论了许多年,我国传统的证据学理论从辩证唯物主义认识论出发对证据的关联性进行了界定,然而过分的强调了客观性,没有突出关联性,以至于有的学者把客观性和关联性看成共性与个性的关系。随着我国司法改革的深入,我国的诉讼模式由职权主义向当事人主义的转变,我国学者开始对证据关联性进行新的审视,在借鉴英美法系国家理论的基础上,对证据关联性进行了科学合理的界定。当前英美证据法上的相关性概念是由证明性和实质性两部分组成的。通常,对证据证明性的讨论主要针对的是间接证据,并且需要根据逻辑上和经验上的方法对其背后推论过程的有效性进行检验。至于证据的实质性,其判断标准一般是可以适用于当前案件中的实体法规定和当事人的诉讼主张。由于我国与英美法系国家的社会、文化背景及主流价值观念相差较大,完全照搬英美法系国家的理论是不可能的,但通过学习与了解英美法系国家的理论可以开拓我们的视野,从而对制定完善的关联规则进行了深入的探讨,为制定和完善我国的证据法打下了良好的基础,对我国司法改革的进一步深入起了巨大的促进作用。

关键词　关联性  证明性  实质性

目录

引言·······························································2

一、刑事诉讼证据关联性的含义·······································3

（一）国外学者对刑事诉讼证据关联性定义的研究·······················3

1、大陆法系国家对刑事诉讼证据关联性的规定·······················3

2、英美法系国家对刑事诉讼证据关联性的规定·······················3

（二）我国学者对刑事诉讼证据关联性的研究···························4

二、逻辑上的关联性·················································7

（一）证据的证明性·················································7

1、证据证明性的含义·············································7

2、证明性的逻辑检验方法·········································8

3、证明性的经验检验方法·········································8

（二）证据的实质性·················································9

1、实质性的含义·················································9

2、决定证据实质性的一般条件·····································10

3、待证事实的类型···············································12

三、法律上的关联性·················································15

（一）法律相关性概念的提出·········································15

（二）对证明价值的权衡·············································16

四、刑事诉讼证据关联性的排除规定···································19

（一）品格证据·····················································19

（二）传闻证据排除·················································20

（三）意见证据排除·················································20

（四）特殊主体证言的排除和例外·····································21

（五）无补强证据排除···············································22

五、我国刑事诉讼证据相关性规则的完善·······························23

（一）完善我国刑事诉讼证据关联性规则的必要性·······················23

（二）完善我国刑事诉讼证据关联性规则的构思·························23

结语······························································30

参考文献··························································31

致谢······························································33