高 超 的 叙 事 艺 术论杜甫乐府诗“三吏”“三别”

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高 超 的 叙 事 艺 术 ——论杜甫乐府诗“三吏”“三别”
[摘要]：“三吏”“三别”是诗人杜甫在华洲任职时写的组诗。这组诗歌是杜甫诗集中最为传颂的一组叙事名篇，代表了杜甫“新题乐府”的最高成就，在现实主义诗歌的发展中占有继往开来的重要地位，被誉为杜诗：现实主义的一个顶点.它不仅继承了汉乐府的优良传统和现实主义精神而且开创了把现实生活高度艺术化的新风格！诗人在“三吏”“三别”中通过对典型对象的描述，展开平实且具有个性的语言，巧用“对话”“代言”的叙事形态进行叙事，同时，诗人通过叙事来表达了诗人的“忧国”“忧民”的强烈的现实主义精神。

[关键词]：叙事艺术 典型对象 个性语言 对话 代言 现实主义

Abstract : The group poem which "three government officials" "three leave" arepoet Du Fu is in office when Hua Zhou writes. This group of poetry isgroup of narrative masterpieces which in the Du Fu poetry anthologymost praises, has represented Du Fu "the new topic yuefu the highestachievement, holds the important status in the realispoetrydevelopment which inherits, by reputation for Du poem: A realism apexIt not only has inherited the Chinese yuefu  fine tradition and therealism spirit moreover founded the real life high art new style! Thepoet "three leaves" in "three government officials" center through tothe typical object description, launches level also has theindividuality language, skillfully uses "the dialogue" "speaks onanother's behalf" the narrative shape to carry on narrates,simultaneously, the poet through narrates expressed the poet "sorrowcountry" "sorrow people" the intense realism spirit.
Key word : The narrative artistic typical object individuality language dialoguespeaks on another's behalf the realism

引言：“三吏”“三别”是杜甫在肃宗乾元元年（958年）元月被贬为华洲司功参军，第二年的二月至东都洛阳，不久自洛阳回华洲就一路写成此组诗—〈〈新安吏〉〉，〈〈潼关吏〉〉，〈〈石壕吏〉〉，〈〈新婚别〉〉，〈〈垂老别〉〉，〈〈无家别〉〉。诗人利用高超的叙事手法，通过组诗的形式来描绘现实世界，揭露封建残酷压迫，同情人民的苦难，展现了诗人强烈的“爱国主义”和“人道主义”的现实主义精神，全组诗歌表现了高度的艺术性和思想性。