液压挖掘机反铲装置工作过程仿真研究

范文编号:JX563  范文字数:17785,页数:40

摘  要

 液压挖掘机是土石方工程的主要施工机械，广泛应用于能源、交通、水利、城镇建设以及现代化军事工程等领域的机械化施工。液压挖掘机利用工作装置进行土石方挖掘，工作装置的性能和可靠性是整机先进性的重要标志。工作装置的作业由三个油缸的复合动作及铲斗和土石方的相互作用来实现的，其运动和受力分析情况比较复杂。工程应用中常出现动臂或斗杆开裂失效、挖掘区域不合理、工作装置与机体干涉以及工作装置铰点销轴早期断裂等故障，给企业造成巨大损失，直接影响了国内挖掘机行业的发展。和其他国外的工程机械产品相比，国产液压挖掘机缺少竞争力，在国内的市场占有率是相对较低的。液压挖掘机工作装置的优化设计是液压挖掘机设计中极为重要的一部分它对于提高整机的工作效率，提高挖掘机的作业性能具有重要的意义。
 本文主要的研究工作及相应的结论主要有以下几个方面：对液压挖掘机的反铲装置进行了运动学、力学分析和计算，并对工作装置建立了运动学方程，得到反铲装置各关键点的坐标和实现挖掘力的限制条件，这为进一步的分析提供了依据；利用CATIA软件对工作装置的实体建立模型和约束条件，通过分析获得液压挖掘机的工作范围，这有助于液压挖掘机工作参数的验证；通过运动分析，利用CATIA软件的测量功能得到了挖掘机的工作包络曲线图。因此该结果对设计以及试验具有一定的实际参考意义。

关键词：液压挖掘机 反铲工作装置 CATIA

The Simulation of Hydraulic Excavator Backhoe
Working Mechanism

Abstract

 Hydraulic excavator is the major construction machine in the earth moving excavation and engineering field, and it is widely used in the mechanized construction of energy, transportation, water conservancy, urban construction and modernized military engineering field. Working mechanism is the main part for earth excavation, so the performance and reliability of working mechanism become the most important symbol of machine. The work of the mechanism is completed by compound action of three cylinders and the interaction of earth moving, of which the movement and force analysis is quite complex. In practical application, arm crack, unreasonable excavation region, machine intervene and early failures of hinge often occur, which result in tremendous loss and directly influence the development of domestic excavator field. Compared with other foreign engineering machine, domestic hydraulic excavator is lack of competitiveness and has the lower share in domestic market. Optimization of working mechanism is vital to the design of a hydraulic excavator, which is able to improve the whole machine’s working efficiency and property.
 The main research and related conclusion are as followed. Firstly, the position of every key point and limited condition of realizing the excavating force have been obtained by studying the theory of the backhoe equipment. Secondly, set up the kinematical equation of the equipment. These results can help us to further analyze the backhoe equipment. Thirdly, virtual space model and limited condition have been established through CATIA software, which is simulated to get the drawing of the working area. This result has validated the working performance parameter of the machine. So the reliable data can be provided for the design and intensity test of real one.

Key words: hydraulic excavator working mechanism CATIA

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