股票期权的基本原则

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股票期权的基本原则
   
在过去的十年中，使用股票期权作为薪酬补偿的工具已经得到迅速的发展。举例来说，一位评论家指出，大多数雇员接受股票期权的比重由在20世纪90年代初的约100万到2002年的700万到 1000万。这在过去十年也看到了股票期权在大多数员工中的一个扩展，不像过去的股票期权，主要是提供给少数的高层行政人员或董事。
虽然在股市繁荣的今天，股票期权的吸引力更大，但其还是作为一种普通的对主管的补偿方式。还有企业由于会计和税收的理由，提供股票期权作为补偿。但最近的崩溃，安然公司也将注意力集中于股票期权给股东带来的“成本”， 并提示要求更具体的披露股票期权的价值选择。
了解不断变化的股票市场对专业人事有很重要的好处，以影响公司现在以及潜在的的管理和雇员，股东可以调查股票期权的计划和方法。本文描述的三种广泛使用的基本结构：非法定股票期权、激励股票期权（ISOs）和员工股票购买计划（ESPPs），以作为税收的结果和最近关于他们的会计和需要披露的建议和计划。

股票期权计划
股权计划提供拥有优先购买权的有权在设定的价格下购买股票的股份（ “演习”或“罢工”的价格） 。非法定股票期权、激励股票期权、员工股票购买计划的不同，主要是在他们的税务后果，以及税收规则定义选项。正如下面所讨论的，激励股票期权和员工股票购买计划被视为使优先拥有购买权的人享受更好的税，但是“价格”是在减少这些计划调节的灵活性。非法定股票期权，顾名思义，其结构不会受到很多规则的约束，但是税收的优势相对较少。
Stock Option Fundamentals

The use of stock options as a compensation tool has expanded dramatically over the past decade. For example, one commentator noted that the number of employees receiving stock options grewfrom about 1 million in the early 1990s to between 7 and 10 million in 2002. This past decade also saw an expansion of options grants to a larger number and broader class of employees, unlike the past when options were primarily offered to a small number of top executives or directors.
  Although options were more attractive to executives during the stock market boom than today, they remain a common form of executive compensation. There are still corporate, tax, and accounting reasons to offer stock options as compensation. But the recent collapse of Enron Corporation has also focused attention on the "cost" of options to shareholders, and prompted calls for more specific disclosures regarding the value of options granted.
  It is important for benefits professionals to understand the changing trends affecting stock options so that they can respond to management, employee, and now,potentially, shareholder inquiries about option plans and alternatives. This column describes the basic structure of three widely used option arrangements—non-statutory stock options, incentive stock options (ISOs) and employee stock purchase plans (ESPPs), as well as the tax consequences of such plans and recent proposals regarding their accounting and required disclosure.

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