蝇蛹壳中提取几丁质的研究

范文编号:SW064  范文字数:15476,页数:30

摘要：利用蝇蛆壳作原料提取几丁质和制备壳聚糖的方法及工艺进行初步探索。用标准筛分离收集蝇蛹，并用清洗、脱钙、脱脂、漂白、脱乙酰基、干燥的方法初步提取了几丁质和制备壳聚糖。确定最佳的工艺条件为：蝇蛆壳：盐酸(5%)=1g：10ml，在室温下浸泡、搅拌反应4h即可脱钙；另在室温下，先用质量分数2%NaOH与样品反应4h后，过滤，再用质量分数10%NaOH于沸水中与样品反应4h，可有效去除蛆壳中的蛋白；比较脱色剂脱色效果，最佳脱色试剂为H2O2；采用质量分数为40%的NaOH，在磁力搅拌器上120℃油浴加热，反应4h脱除乙酰基。在该条件下可得脱乙酰率较高的壳聚糖，制成的壳聚糖成品为白色。

关键词：蝇蛹；几丁质；壳聚糖；脱脂；脱色

The Study on Extraction Chitin from Fly Pupa Shell

Abstract：The method of extracting chitin and preparation chitosan from fly pupa shell was studied. The extracting steps were including breaking, screening and collecting fly pupa shell, and then washing, detaching calcium, detaching protein, decolorizing, detaching acetyl and drying. At the end, the product of chitin and chitosan was got. The optimum detaching calcium condition was: the ratio of fly pupa shell and hydrochlotic acid (5%) being 1g: 10ml, immersed and stirring 4 h under normal temperature. At the same time, the optimum detaching protein was: first, the material was reacted with 2%NaOH for 4 h under normal temperature, after filtered, reacted with 10%NaOH under hot water bath. The best reagent used to decolorize was H2O2. At last, it was reacted with 40% NaOH for 4 h under 120 degree Celsius with stirring and a white chitosan with higher acetyl-detaching degree could be got.

Keywords：Fly pupa；Chitin；Chitosan；Derosination；Decolorize

目  录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目录 III
1. 绪论 1
 1.1 几丁质的来源 1
 1.2  几丁质及壳聚糖的制取 2
 1.3 几丁质的应用前景 4
 1.4 壳聚糖的应用前景 6
7
 1.5 蝇蛹壳中几丁质提取的优势 8
 1.6 本章小结 9
2. 实验部分 10
 2.1 主要实验试剂与仪器 10
     2.2 主要实验步骤 11
     2.3 产品特性的检测 12
     2.4 本章小结 14
3. 结果与讨论 15
 3.1 不同反应条件对脱钙的影响    15
     3.2 不同反应条件对蝇蛹脱脂的影响 17
     3.3 不同方法对脱色素的效果 19
     3.4 不同反应条件对脱乙酰效果的影响 20
     3.5 几丁质的红外光谱图 22
     3.6 本章小结 22
总结与展望 23
致谢 24
参考文献 25

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