农村基层民主政治建设存在的问题及对策

摘要

构建社会主义和谐社会，重心在农村。胡锦涛主席在党的十八大报告中指出：“社会主义建设离不开人民民主，这是基础，我们党在工作上，应该将实现人民民主专政视为一生的工作目标。要为人民当家作主提供各个有效途径，反映民意，倾听民意。在社会主义政治建设过程中，其核心内容便是人民当家作主，因此，要对基层民主的建设予以高度重视。”基层民主政治建设在我国新农村发展中占有十分重要的位置。新时期，随着我国经济建设的强势发展，农村基层民主政治建设在发展上出现一个新的态势，在获得较快发展同时，也遇到各种棘手的问题。在这种发展条件下，针对国内基层民主建设过程中产生的事端展开详细探究，具有重大的理论和现实意义。

本文以新时期我国基层民主政治建设为主线，从理论演进逻辑和政治实践发展两个方面回顾和总结了基层民主政治建设的历史进程。在此基础上，以政治理论和民主实践作为线索，对农村基层民主建设取得的经验、制度创新、存在的问题和对策进行了全面的探析。通过研究发现，农村在民主选举、民主管理、民主决策、民主监督方面都存在很多值得肯定和借鉴的地方，同时在民主实践的过程中不断进行制度创新，主要包括实施民主决策五步法、多种渠道保障群众知情权、创新参政议政载体，但是也存在制度机制不完善、经济基础和文化基础不健全、农民素质低下等问题。因此，要从制度、协调相关关系和健康文化的构建等多个途径，不断促使农村基层民族政治建设取得进步。

关键词：村民自治，基层民主，制度，文化建设

English summary

Constructing socialist harmonious society focuses on rural areas. President Hu Jintao pointed out in the report of the 18th National Party Congress: "Socialist construction can not be separated from people's democracy. This is the basis. In our work, our party should regard the realization of the people's Democratic dictatorship as a lifelong work goal. We should provide effective ways for the people to be masters of their own country, reflect and listen to public opinion. In the process of socialist political construction, its core content is that the people are the masters of the country. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the construction of grass-roots democracy. "The construction of grassroots democratic politics occupies a very important position in the development of new rural areas in China. In the new period, with the strong development of our country's economic construction, a new situation has emerged in the development of rural grassroots Democratic political construction. Under this development condition, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out a detailed investigation into the incidents arising in the process of building democracy at the grassroots level in China.

This paper reviews and sums up the historical process of grassroots Democratic political construction from two aspects: theoretical evolution logic and political practice development. On this basis, taking political theory and democratic practice as clues, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the experience, institutional innovation, existing problems and countermeasures in rural grassroots Democratic construction. Through research, we have found that there are many places in rural areas where democratic elections, democratic management, democratic decision-making and Democratic supervision are worthy of recognition and reference, and institutional innovation is constantly being carried out in the course of democratic practice. It mainly includes the implementation of the five-step method of democratic decision-making, various channels to guarantee the people's right to know, and innovation in the carrier of participation in and discussion of government. However, there are also problems such as imperfect institutional mechanisms, imperfect economic and cultural foundations, and low quality of farmers. Therefore, from the system, coordination of related relations and health culture construction and other ways to promote the rural grassroots ethnic political construction to make progress.

Keyword:Villagers 'Autonomy, Grassroots Democracy, System, Cultural Construction

目录

摘要I

一、 绪论1

（一） 研究背景1

（二） 研究意义1

（三） 国内外研究状况2

（四） 研究方法3

（五） 研究内容3

二、 新时期农村基层民主政治建设的成就3

（一） 实现了我国农村基层民主政治实践的多样化3

（二） 实现了农村基层民主政治实践的制度化4

（三） 村民主体地位的构建4

三、 农村基层民主政治建设存在的问题5

（一） 体制机制有待进一步完善5

（二） 监督基础有待进一步加强5

（三） 文化基础有待进一步加强6

（四） 村民的素质有待进一步提高7

四、 完善我国农村基层民主政治建设的对策8

（一） 实现新时期农村基层民主政治建设的制度化、程序化8

（二） 构建制度化的民主监督意识9

（三） 加强农村再教育，促进多元文化发展10

（四） 构建和谐的社会道德环境10

五、 结论与展望12

（一） 结论12

（二） 展望12

参考文献13